The Oil & Gas Journal, in 2004, states that CO2 flooding is the fastest-growing enhanced oil recovery technique in USA, and production derived from CO2 projects has more than tripled from 50,000-Barrels/day to 200,000-Barrels/day. Cyclic injection of CO2 and N2 combines environmental benefits attendant to reducing CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere and economic benefits realized through impro...

introduction: laser-assisted vaporization of prostate tissue by means of the potassiumtitanyl- phosphate (ktp) laser is in clinical use. alternative laser sources are available but are lacking clinical experience.the 980 nm wavelength diode laser provides good hemostasis, in addition to a more rapid ablation rate. the aim of this study is approving the capability, feasibility, and good post-ope...

Methylation at the C2 position of 1,3-disubstituted imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) is one of the structural features that has gained attention due to its drastic impact on thermophysical and transport properties. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this effect but there is still much discrepancy. Aiming for the rationalization of the effects of these structural features on t...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Selective photodamage of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a new technique to treat a variety of retinal diseases without causing adverse effects to surrounding tissues such as the neural retina including the photoreceptors and the choroid. In this study, the mechanism of cell damage after laser irradiation was investigated. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Si...

INTRODUCTION A long term, retrospective study was performed aiming to outline a critical comparison concerning the efficacy, safety and durability of the bipolar plasma vaporization (BPV), standard monopolar transurethral resection (TUR) and "cold-knife" "star" transurethral incision (TUI) in secondary bladder neck sclerosis (BNS) cases. MATERIALS & METHODS Of the 126 patients included in the...

Probability density function methods for characterizing various fluctuating quantities in the reacting gas phase of turbulent spray flames are presented, development which O'Brien has been a pioneer. Balance equations two-phase flows considered as piecewise continuous medium first presented with interface conditions containing vaporization–condensation equilibrium. From these, equation joint pr...

In this work an analytical equation of state has been employed to calculate the PVT properties ofternary refrigerant mixtures. The theoretical EoS is that of Ihm, Song and Mason, which is based onstatistical-mechanical perturbation theory, and the two constants are enthalpy of vaporization ΔHvapand molar density ρnb, both at the normal boiling temperature. The following three temperaturedepende...

A new model for the vapor phase of a pressurized liquid called "the cluster model: which is originally introduced in this work, along with an accurate equation of state for the liquid phase called the LIR, is used to derive an accurate equation for the vapor pressure of liquid as a function of external pressure. The chemical Potential of both phase have been found to be in good agreement wi...

I. TECHNICAL PROGRESS The objective of this program was to seek improved process control and weldment reliability during laser welding of automotive aluminum alloys while retaining the high speed and accuracy of the laser beam welding process. In particular, we undertook a comprehensive experimental and theoretical research to understand the effects of various welding variables on the loss of a...

The quantum spin liquid is an exotic quantum state of matter in magnets. This state is a spin analog of liquid helium that does not solidify down to the lowest temperature due to strong quantum fluctuations. In conventional fluids, the liquid and gas possess the same symmetry and adiabatically connect to each other by bypassing the critical end point. We find that the situation is qualitatively...