In the Middle East, water shortage is becoming more and serious due to development of agriculture industry increase in population. Saudi Arabia one most water-consuming countries urgent measures are needed. Therefore, we integrated data from Gravity Recovery Climate Experiment (GRACE), other relevant estimate changes groundwater storage Arabia. The findings as follows: 1) Average annual precipi...

Two major apparently unrelated problems, that of the origin of time in the universe associated with quantum gravity and of the entropy in de Sitter cosmological models, are found to have their origin in a single physical phenomenon: the semi-classical tunneling through a classically forbidden region of the cosmological scale factor. In this region there is a mixing of the states of quantum matt...