We investigated the effects of deforestation on microclimates and sporogonic development of Plasmodium falciparum parasites in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes in an area of the western Kenyan highland prone to malaria epidemics. An. gambiae mosquitoes were fed with P. falciparum-infected blood through membrane feeders. Fed mosquitoes were placed in houses in forested and deforested areas in a high...

RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found in corneal astigmatism vectorial decomposition (J0 and J45) between the preoperative evaluation and each postoperative visit (p > 0.05). However, statistically significant differences in refractive astigmatism vectorial decomposition (J0 and J45) were found between preoperative and postoperative measurements (p < 0.05). Refractive ast...

The article discusses habits related to the vectorial competence of Lutzomyia longipalpis, along with evidence confirming the importance of this sand fly species in the epidemiological chain of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. A new epidemiological profile for visceral leishmaniasis is also postulated, associated with domestic environments and the role of Lu. longipalpis in this process, its s...

The standard explanation for multiple filamentation of laser beams is that breakup of cylindrical symmetry is initiated by noise in the input beam. In this study we propose an alternative deterministic explanation based on vectorial effects. We derive a scalar equation from the vector Helmholtz equation that describes self-focusing in the presence of vectorial and nonparaxial effects. Numerical...

A vectorial diffraction theory that considers light polarization is essential to predict the performance of optical systems that have a high numerical aperture or use engineered polarization or phase. Vectorial diffraction integrals to describe light diffraction typically require boundary fields on aperture surfaces. Estimating such boundary fields can be challenging in complex systems that ind...

This article is an integrative mini review of the research on the interactions between Trypanosoma rangeli and the insect vector, Rhodnius prolixus. Special attention is given to the interactions of these parasites with the gut environment, gut walls, with hemolymph invasion, hemocytes, hemocyte microaggregations, prophenoloxidase-activating system, superoxide, and nitric acid generation and ei...

Malaria causes an estimated 300-500 million cases and kills three million children annually. Despite considerable emphasis on the development and deployment of control methods, the disease remains a significant threat. Mosquito control in particular has suffered from the development of resistance to insecticides. Of the ~500 anopheline species, only two dozen are important vectors of human mala...

To date around 3500 different species of mosquito have been described, several tens of which are vectors of pathogens of remarkable interest in public health. Mosquitoes are present all around the world showing a great ability to adapt to very different types of habitats where they play relevant ecological roles. It is very likely that components of the mosquito microbiota have given the mosqui...

The purpose of this paper is to derive some criteria for vectorial prequasi-invex type functions via Jensen type inequalities. It is shown that a Jensen type inequality is sufficient and necessary for a vector function to be prequasi-invex under the condition of lower levelclosedness, cone lower semicontinuity, cone upper semicontinuity and semistrict prequasi-invexity, respectively. Analogous ...