Non-verbal communication is the way through which we express ourselves without necessarily using words. It involves sending messages through various expressions or signs on our body parts such as changing our facial expressions or varying our tones as we speak. Many people tend to overlook various body signs and may end up not understanding or even ignoring the intended message. However this is...

—Motivated by the differences between human and robot teams, we investigated the role of verbal communication between human teammates as they work together to move a large object to a series of target locations. Only one member of the group was told the target sequence by the experimenters; while the second teammate had no target knowledge. The two experimental conditions we compared were: Hapt...