We report a previously undescribed inflammatory lesion consisting of deposition of activated complement (C3d and C9neo) in association with major histocompatibility complex type II (MHC2)-positive activated microglia in choroid plexus villi exhibiting classical fibrous thickening of the pericapillary filtration membrane. The proportion of villi affected ranged from 5% to 90% in 56 adult subject...

Nutrient absorption in the small intestine cannot occur until molecules are presented to the epithelial cells that line intestinal villi, finger-like protrusions under enteric control. Using a two-dimensional multiscale lattice Boltzmann model of a lid-driven cavity flow with 'villi' at the lower surface, we analyse the hypothesis that muscle-induced oscillatory motions of the villi generate a ...

There has been no general agreement regarding the presence of arachnoid granidations and arachnoid villi in mammals. This seems to have arisen from the fact that various workers have used different criteria in distinguishing between the two terms — 'granula­ tion' and 'villus'. Luschka (1852) was the first to. define the structure observed macroscopically as an 'arachnoid granulation', while fo...

Existing in vitro models of human intestinal function commonly rely on use of established epithelial cell lines, such as Caco-2 cells, which form polarized epithelial monolayers but fail to mimic more complex intestinal functions that are required for drug development and disease research. We show here that a microfluidic 'Gut-on-a-Chip' technology that exposes cultured cells to physiological p...

AIM To report on the successful use of Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM) as a tool for isolation of human chorionic villi from admixed maternal tissue. Subsequent DNA isolation for forensic short tandem repeat (STR) analysis for parentage testing was performed in two cases of alleged sexual assault of female victims. We also performed validation of the LCM instrument platform, using archival ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the ultrastructural changes of the placenta in women with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia compared to the placenta of normotensive patients. STUDY DESIGN Comparative descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Obstetrics Unit of North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka in 2004. METHODOLOGY Placentae of 10 normotensive women and 10 hypertensive women with pr...

In the intestine, finger-like villi provide abundant surface area for nutrient absorption. During murine villus development, epithelial Hedgehog (Hh) signals promote aggregation of subepithelial mesenchymal clusters that drive villus emergence. Clusters arise first dorsally and proximally and spread over the entire intestine within 24 h, but the mechanism driving this pattern in the murine inte...

Boulton, M., M. Flessner, D. Armstrong, R. Mohamed, J. Hay, and M. Johnston. Contribution of extracranial lymphatics and arachnoid villi to the clearance of a CSF tracer in the rat. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 45): R818–R823, 1999.—The objective of this study was to determine the relative roles of arachnoid villi and cervical lymphatics in the clearance of a cereb...

A 55-year-old Japanese man without dyslipidemia underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy screening. He was diagnosed with reflux esophagitis, atrophic gastritis, and multiple gastric ulcers. In addition, scattered white villi were seen in the superior duodenal angle. No white villi were seen in any other parts of the duodenum. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy performed three months after Helicobacter pyl...

In the adult intestine, an organized array of finger-like projections, called villi, provide an enormous epithelial surface area for absorptive function. Villi first emerge at embryonic day (E) 14.5 from a previously flat luminal surface. Here, we analyze the cell biology of villus formation and examine the role of paracrine epithelial Hedgehog (Hh) signals in this process. We find that, before...