conclusions the newly developed simple indirect elisa showed high sensitivity and specificity with respect to vnt. developing such a simple, sensitive, and specific elisa which is much less expensive than the available commercial elisa kits can improve the detection of bvdv infections, help to eliminate the disease from herds, and decrease economic losses caused by this disease. background bovi...

Oncolytic virotherapy for cancer is an innovative therapeutic option where the ability of a virus to promote cell lysis is harnessed and reprogrammed to selectively destroy cancer cells. Such treatment modalities exhibited antitumor activity in preclinical and clinical settings and appear to be well tolerated when tested in clinical trials. However, the clinical success of oncolytic virotherapy...

BACKGROUND Gene silencing in the retina using RNA interference could open broad possibilities for functional studies of genes in vivo and for therapeutic interventions in eye disorders. Therefore, there is a considerable demand for protocols to deliver siRNA into the vertebrate retina. In this work we explored a possibility to deliver synthetic 21 bp siRNA into the mouse retina after intravitre...

background hepatitis b virus (hbv) is one of the most common chronic viral infections in the world. iran has a low to intermediate hbv prevalence and approximately 1.5 million people are living with hbv infection. the impact of hbv in iran is unknown and given the very low levels of alcohol consumption, this region provides an opportunity to examine the impact of isolated chronic hbv infection....

Nodaviruses and other RNA viruses have a profoundly negative impact on the global aquaculture industry. Nodaviruses target nervous tissue causing viral nervous necrosis, a disease characterized by neurological damage, swimming abnormalities, and morbidity. This study used functional genomic techniques to study the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) brain transcript expression responses to asymptomatic...

The possibility of an immunologic basis for the tissue injury associated with persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) 1 viral infection in mice is suggested by several pieces of evidence. First, chronic LCM infection per se usually is not associated with cytopathogenicity. Mice persistently infected with LCM (LCM carriers) of most strains demonstrate high titers of virus in virtally all t...

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising therapeutic approach for castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa). For the clinical application of siRNA, it is vital to find a safe and efficient gene transfer vector. Nanotechnology can provide a crucial advantage in developing strategies for cancer management and treatment by helping to improve the safety and efficacy of new therapeutic delivery...

This study demonstrates cell-specific selection of viral variants during persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in its natural host. We have analyzed viral isolates obtained from CD4+ T cells and macrophages of congenitally infected carrier mice and found that three types of variants are present in individual carrier mice: (i) macrophage-tropic, (ii) lymphotropic, and (iii) amp...

Parkinson's disease is known to result from the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Direct intracerebral injections of high doses of recombinant glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) have been shown to protect adult nigral dopaminergic neurons. Because GDNF does not cross the blood-brain barrier, intracerebral gene transfer is an ideal option. Chitosan (CHI) is a naturally derived materi...

Chronic hepatitis B is a highly heterogeneous liver disease characterized by phases with fluctuations in viral replication and progressive liver damage in some, but not all infected individuals. Despite four decades of research, insight into host determinants underlying these distinct clinical phases-immunotolerant, immune active, inactive carrier, and HBeAg-negative hepatitis-remains elusive. ...