Infection of mammalian cells by Sindbis virus (SINV) profoundly blocks cellular mRNA translation. Experimental evidence points to viral non-structural proteins (nsPs), in particular nsP2, as the mediator of this inhibition. However, individual expression of nsP1, nsP2, nsP3 or nsP1-4 does not block cellular protein synthesis in BHK cells. Trans-complementation of a defective SINV replicon lacki...

In this study, we: (a) compared the differences in learning of friction concepts between a physical manipulative tool (PMT) and visuohaptic simulation (VHS) four different configurations (visually enhanced feedback on/off, force on/off), (b) analyzed influence visual haptic for concept friction. Specifically, study explored role an object’s size three-stage experiment (i.e., pre-test, experimen...

After viral infection, host cells respond by mounting an anti-viral stress response in order to create a hostile atmosphere for viral replication, leading to the shut-off of mRNA translation (protein synthesis) and the assembly of RNA granules. Two of these RNA granules have been well characterized in yeast and mammalian cells, stress granules (SGs), which are translationally silent sites of RN...

0.6 30 % 96 % 0.1 3 % 65 % 0.6 28% 67 % The Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (an aphthovirus within the picomavirus family), encodes a protease called L which is believed to cause the proteolysis of the p220 subunit of the initiation factor eIF-4F[ 11. The role of p220 in the initiation of translation still remains obscure but previous studies on this polypeptide showed that it is necessary for eff...

X-ray microanalysis has been used to study changes in concentration of P, S, Cl Na and K in synchronized HeLa S3 cells in g1 phase infected with Vaccinia virus. No dramatic redistribution of elements between nucleus and cytoplasm was demonstrated during the first 6 h post-infection, during which time viral shut-off of host protein synthesis occurred. [Cl] increased relative to [Na] and [K] duri...

PURPOSE Rod photoreceptors are exquisitely sensitive light detectors that function in dim light. The timely inactivation of their light responses is critical for the ability of rods to reliably detect and count photons. A key step in the inactivation of the rod transduction is the phosphorylation of the rod visual pigment, rhodopsin, catalyzed by G-protein-dependent receptor kinase 1 (GRK1). Ab...

Optical parameter assignment via Transfer Functions (TF) is the sole interactive part in medical visualization via volume rendering. Being an interactive element of the rendering pipeline, TF specification has very important effects on the quality of volume-rendered medical images. However, TF specification should be supported by informative search spaces, interactive data exploration tools and...

Human glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (hGDNF) is the most potent dopaminergic described so far, and it therefore considered a promising drug for Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment. However, production of therapeutic proteins with high degree purity specific glycosylation pattern major challenge that hinders its commercialization. Although variety systems can be used protein producti...