Numerous mammalian viruses are routinely analyzed in clinical diagnostic laboratories around the globe or serve as indispensable model systems viral research. Potentially infectious entities handled blood, biopsies, cell and tissue culture samples. Countless protocols describe methods for virus fixation inactivation, yet many, a formal proof of safety completeness inactivation remains to be sho...

The solar UV radiation coming from the sun is considered as main source of microbial germicide and environmental sterilization. objective this study to estimate dose amount time required inactivate coronaviruses by exposure. published trials on 254-nm inactivation under ultraviolet light exposure families equivalent microbe in terms D90 (ultraviolet for 90% inactivation), or any other or/and ge...

Effective T-cell responses are critical to eradicate acute viral infections and prevent viral persistence. Emerging evidence indicates that robust, early CD4 T-cell responses are important in effectively sustaining CD8 T-cell activity. Herein, we illustrate that virus-specific CD4 T cells are functionally inactivated early during the transition into viral persistence and fail to produce effecto...

Twenty kinds of disinfectants were examined for ability to inactivate variola virus. Cytopathic effect and plaque formation on monolayer cultures of an established monkey kidney cell line were used as indicators of virus inactivation. A micromethod using microplate cultures, and not requiring a CO2 incubator, was adopted. The procedures were straightforward, showing good reproducibility. Among ...

Viral inactivation and adhesion-aggregation in water are often studied as separate phenomena. When the focus is placed on viral adhesion-aggregation, inactivation is neglected because the phenomena under investigation occur over a short period measured in days. When viral inactivation is studied, adhesion-aggregation phenomena are considered to be negligible because viral survival is traced ove...

Treatment of poliovirus Type I with 10(-3)m 2-thiouracil (2-TU) resulted in the inactivation of greater than 90% of the virus infectivity and stabilization of approximately 50% of the residual virus to heat inactivation. These effects were due to a reaction with the protein moiety of the virus and could be blocked by pre-treatment of the virus with l-cystine or of the drug with cysteine. Both i...

DUNHAM, W. B. 1954 Virucidal agents. In Antiseptics, Disinfectants, Fungicides, and Chemical and Physical Sterilization. 358-379. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia. 1)UNHAM, W. B., AND MACNEAL, W. J. 1942 Culture on the chick chorioallantois as a test of inactivation of vaccinia virus. J. Bacteriol., 44, 413-424. DUNHAM, W. B., AND MACNEAL, W. J. 1943 Inactivation of vaccinia virus by mild antisept...

Calcium elenolate inactivates all myxoviruses so far tested. The pH of the reaction mixture is less critical for myxovirus inactivation than that required for coxsackie A-21 virus; the myxoviruses are inactivated at a broad spectrum of pH with the maximum activity occurring at a pH below 7.0. The infectivity of the virus is more susceptible to the action of calcium elenolate than is either the ...