BACKGROUND Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral disease of poultry caused by pathogenic strains of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Live NDV vaccines are administered by drinking water, eyedrops or coarse aerosol spray. To further enhance mucosal immune responses, chitosan nanoparticles were developed for the mucosal delivery of a live NDV vaccine. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDI...

The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated use face masks, making them an integral part daily routine. Face masks occlude infectious droplets during any respiratory event contributing to source control. In current study, spray impingement experiments were conducted on porous surfaces like having a different porosity, pore size, and thickness. mimics actual cough or mild sneeze with re...

magnetic nanoparticles attracted a great deal of attention in the medical applications due to their unique properties. the most exceptional property of magnetic particles is their response to a magnetic force, and this property has been utilized in applications such as drug targeting, bioseparation, contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (mri) and heating mediators for cancer therapy. in...

Although many nanocarriers have been developed to encapsulate paclitaxel (PTX), the drug loading and circulation time in vivo always are not ideal because of its rigid "brickdust" molecular structure. People usually concentrate their attention on the spherical nanocarriers, here paclitaxel nanoparticles with different geometries were established through the chemical modification of PTX, nanopre...

Advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials have facilitated the development of silicon dioxide, or Silica, particles as a promising immunological adjuvant for the generation of novel prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. In the present study, we have compared the adjuvanting potential of commercially available Silica nanoparticles (initial particles size of 10-20 nm) with that of aluminium h...

conclusions the aiv loaded into cnp vaccines induce appropriate antibody titers, after a single immunization, while requiring a low dose of antigen. the cnp also represent an interesting new platform for antigen delivery and a promising adjuvant candidate for h9n2 inactivated influenza vaccine. results the cnp did not cause any mortality or side effects, when chickens were administered the prep...

One of the promising methods to create nanomaterials reduces applying viruses, whose virions, due their high spatial symmetry, can serve as effective matrix templates that allow assembling noble metals, in particularly Au, nanoparticles. In connection with above mentioned fact, it becomes interesting investigate physical properties materials synthesized by virus involving technology, depending ...

The use of an engineered variant of a plant virus, Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), as a template for directed mineralization provides an environmentally benign route to monodisperse iron-platinum nanoparticles of approximately 30 nm diameter.