Twelve monoclonal antibodies against Negishi virus were obtained and characterized by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and neutralization (NT) tests using five flaviviruses isolated in the pan-Pacific region. The reaction pattern of the antibodies showed that Negishi virus was most closely related to Langat virus, followed by 3-Arch, JE and Apoi viruses in that order. Hemagglutinating (HA) anti...

A microneutralization test in PK(15) cells was developed to measure the neutralizing antibody response of a group of ponies experimentally challenged with louping ill virus. Viral cytopathic effect was maximal after 6 days of incubation, at which point titration endpoints were clear-cut and readily determinable. The assay compared favorably with the mouse neutralization test for accuracy and ea...

A micro neutralization test was used for the detection and evaluation of mumps neutralizing antibodies. A total of 1037 blood samples from selected groups of students aged 7 to 22 years in south and east of Tehran, 139 blood samples from the umbilical cords of pregnant women at two Tehran hospitals at delivery time, and 190 samples from children under five years of age who were living in tw...

Antibodies play a central role in prophylaxis against many infectious agents. While neutralization is a primary function of antibodies, the Fc- and complement-dependent activities of these multifunctional proteins may also be critical in their ability to provide protection against most viruses. Protection against viral pathogens in vivo is complex, and while virus neutralization--the ability of...

Vaccination has been one of the most important interventions in disease prevention and control. The impact of vaccination largely depends on the quality and suitability of the chosen vaccine. To determine the suitability of a vaccine strain, antigenic matching is usually studied by in vitro analysis. In this study, we performed three in vitro test methods to determine which one gives the lowest...

The envelope glycoprotein G of rabies virus induces neutralizing antibodies, which are important in protection against rabies. This protein was solubilized from purified virus and isolated by differential and sucrose density gradient centrifugation followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Conditions for solubilization and purification of G were optimized by using immunoblotting and e...

Herpesviral entry is a highly elaborated process requiring many proteins to act in precise conjunction. Neutralizing antibodies interfere with this process to abrogate viral infection. Based on promoter transactivation of a reporter gene we established a novel method to quantify herpesvirus entry and neutralization by antibodies. Following infection with mouse and human cytomegalovirus and Herp...

It is well documented that removal of the V1V2 region or of the V2 loop alone from the envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) increases the susceptibility of these viruses to neutralization by antibodies. The specific role of the V1 loop in defining the neutralization susceptibility of HIV is, however, not well documented. Our...

Measles is one of the most contagious human diseases. Although mass vaccination programs have reduced the incidence of this disease, measles is still an important cause of morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries. Therefore the use of sensitive techniques to evaluate vaccine efficacy and level of immunity among members of susceptible communities is crucial. Serum neut...

bluetongue is an acute and subacute viral diseases of domestic and wild ruminants.this research was conducted to assess the disease status using serological diagnostic methods and virus isolation were performed. during the period 2003-2006, from sheep farms of 9 provinces including markazi, ardabil, yazd, qom, east azarbaijan, west azarbaijan, qazvin, isfahan and golestan, four handred thirty t...