[1] Following a comprehensive model evaluation in part 1, this part 2 paper describes results from 1 year process analysis and a number of sensitivity simulations using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system aimed to understand the formation mechanisms of O3 and PM2.5, their impacts on global environment, and implications for pollution control policies. Process analyses sho...

We present measurements of C1–C8 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at four sites ranging from urban to rural areas in Hong Kong from September 2002 to August 2003. A total of 248 ambient VOC samples were collected. As expected, the urban and sub-urban sites generally gave relatively high VOC levels. In contrast, the average VOC levels were the lowest in the rural area. In general, higher mixing...

Breath testing for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) provides an intrinsically safe method for investigating human metabolism. An improved breath-collecting apparatus (BCA) is described which was acceptable to patients, simple to use, highly sensitive, and free from chemical contamination. VOCs in 10.0 L alveolar breath and 10.0 L room air were collected onto adsorptive traps. Using automated i...

Sub-Saharan Africa is seeing rapid urbanization, with the population of cities such as Lagos and Nairobi growing at a rate 3–4% year. The region extremely under-sampled for all air pollutants, particularly VOCs, which are useful markers source apportionment well toxic in their own right. There many contributors to pollution region, studies examining fine particulate implicate traffic primary ur...

In the present work, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from vehicle exhaust and cooking fumes were investigated via simulation experiments, which covered engine emissions produced during gasoline direct injection (GDI) using two kinds of fuels by preparing three domestic dishes. The distinct characteristics VOCs emitted processes identified. Alkanes (73% mass fraction on average) aromatics (15%...

Abstract. As critical precursors of ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosols, volatile compounds (VOCs) play a vital role in air quality, human health, climate change. In this study, campaign comprehensive field observations VOC grid sampling was conducted Xi'an, China, from 20 June to July 2019 identify the spatiotemporal concentration levels, sources, transformation potential VOCs. During ob...

The location of the northeastern Iberian Peninsula (NEIP) in the northwestern Mediterranean basin, the presence of the Pyrenees mountain range (with altitudes > 3000 m), and the influence of the Mediterranean Sea and the large valley canalization of Ebro river induce an extremely complicated structure for the dispersion of photochemical pollutants. Air pollution studies in very complex terrains...

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are involved in promoting growth and triggering systemic resistance (ISR) in plants. Importantly, the release of VOCs by some PGPR strains confers improved plant uptake of nutrient elements from the soil. However, the underlying mechanisms of VOCs-regulated nutrient acquisition remain elusive. In this stud...

The trend to search novel microbial natural biocides has recently been increasing in order to avoid the environmental pollution from use of synthetic pesticides. Among these novel natural biocides are the bioactive secondary metabolites of Burkholderia gladioli pv. agaricicola (Bga). The aim of this study is to determine antifungal activity of Bga strains against some phytopathogenic fungi. The...

The widespread distribution and strong seasonal pattern of highly concentrated summertime formaldehyde (HCHO) were observed using data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard Aura satellite from 2005 to 2015 in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, China. The large-scale HCHO concentrations and its close connection with the surface O3 pollution made the study of summertime HCHO patterns and its maj...