The volcanological community has a powerful new tool in the spaceborne moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), which, from its synoptic perspective, provides satellite imagery of every volcano on Earth every 2 days. MODIS has the spectral characteristics to be able to utilise previously developed retrievals that quantify volcanic ash, ice, sulfates and sulfur dioxide using their ...

Approximately half of the world's population lives in the tropics, and future changes in the hydrological cycle will impact not just the freshwater supplies but also energy production in areas dependent upon hydroelectric power. It is vital that we understand the mechanisms/processes that affect tropical precipitation and the eventual surface hydrological response to better assess projected fut...

The Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland) volcanic eruption of April-May 2010 caused unprecedented air-traffic disruption in Northern Europe, revealing some important weaknesses of current operational ash-monitoring and forecasting systems and encouraging the improvement of methods and procedures for supporting the activities of Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers (VAACs) better. In this work, we compare two es...

Multivariate methods were applied to denoise the gravity and geomagnetic signals continuously recorded by the permanent monitoring networks on the Etna volcano. Gravity and geomagnetic signals observed in volcanic areas are severely influenced by meteorological variables (i.e. pressure, temperature and humidity), whose disturbances can make the detection of volcanic source effects more difficul...

The measurement and analysis of seismicity in active volcanic areas is the main tool used in volcanic hazard mitigation. However, seismic monitoring technologies have met with only mixed success in forecasting eruptive episodes. This arises because, although our understanding of the spatio-temporal processes generating the observed seismic signals has increased substantially with the wide scale...

Introduction Conclusions References

The inversion problem concerns the identification of parameters of a volcanic source causing observable changes in ground deformation data recorded in volcanic areas. In particular, this paper deals with the inversion of ground deformation measured by using SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) interferometry and an inversion approach formulated in terms of an optimization problem is proposed. Based o...

Improving lava flow hazard assessment is one of the most important and challenging fields of volcanology, and has an immediate and practical impact on society. Here, we present a methodology for the quantitative assessment of lava flow hazards based on a combination of field data, numerical simulations and probability analyses. With the extensive data available on historic eruptions of Mt. Etna...

The rocky innards of the Earth locally melt to produce magma, which sometimes erupts as cataclysmic explosions. The energy released by these eruptions is matched only by that of large meteorite impacts. Whether large pools of magma generate huge volcanic eruptions, whose volume and duration can have global consequences for humanity, or solidify slowly within the Earth’s crust to form plutons (b...

Major volcanic eruptions in the central North river systems by dispersing through the sea. However, some Island of New Zealand and, in particular, an eruption dated rivers, that were probably severely affected in their at  186, spread ignimbrite and volcanic ashes (tephra) headwaters, have lower elevation and more distant over a broad area, deposition of which caused major tributaries whose c...