Drought is a naturally occurring event that is associated with virtually all climatic regions. Given its slow onset and other characteristics, including its spatial dimensions and duration, impacts are difficult to assess and have been, historically, poorly documented. These impacts are strongly influenced by a society’s exposure to the hazard and the vulnerability of that society to the hazard...

Global climate change will increase the probability of extreme weather events, including heatwaves, drought, wildfire, cyclones, and heavy precipitation that could cause floods and landslides. Such events create significant public health needs that can exceed local capacity to respond, resulting in excess morbidity or mortality and in the declaration of disasters. Human vulnerability to any dis...

Land degradation is one of the most impacting phenomena on natural resource availability, both in quantitative and qualitative terms. In order to provide efficient tools for territorial sustainable management in areas affected by land degradation, it is important to define suitable models and indicators able to identify exposed areas and their vulnerability level, so as to provide an effective ...

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or we) is issuing this final rule to require domestic and foreign food facilities that are required to register under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the FD&C Act) to address hazards that may be introduced with the intention to cause wide scale public health harm. These food facilities are required to conduct a vulnerability assessment to identify...

This paper examines future economic damages from tropical cyclones under a range of assumptions about societal change, climate change and the relationship of climate change to damage in 2050. It finds in all cases that efforts to reduce vulnerability to losses, often called climate adaptation, have far greater potential effectiveness to reduce damage related to tropical cyclones than efforts to...

Abstract The rapid development of the coastal area for settlement and commercial service could increase vulnerability to natural hazards. This study aimed analyze management in Pangandaran Regency West Java toward tsunami disaster risk mitigation. is essential because faces directly subduction zone between Indo-Australian Eurasian plates, which lead hazard. For analysis, spatial analysis was do...

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Critical Infrastructure Systems (CIS) within the United States are crucial to national defense, economic stability, and public safety. Protection of these assets against attack is a major concern [1] and dictates that innovative approaches be developed for identification and mitigation of their vulnerabilities. Establishment of effective and viable vulnerability assessment techniques for CIS ha...

This paper describes a spatial-dynamic, stochastic optimization model that ta1ces account of the complexities and dependencies of catastrophic risks. Following a description of the general model, the paper briefly discusses a case study of earthquake risk in the Irkutsk region of Russia. For this purpose the risk management model is customized to explicitly incorporate the geological characteri...