Soybean is an important crop that is continually threatened by abiotic stresses, especially drought and heat stress. At molecular levels, reduced yields due to drought and heat stress can be seen as a result of alterations in metabolic homeostasis of vegetative tissues. At present an incomplete understanding of abiotic stress-associated metabolism and identification of associated metabolites re...

Soil respiration (SR) represents a major component of forest ecosystem respiration and is influenced seasonally by environmental factors such as temperature, soil moisture, root respiration, and litter fall. Changes in these environmental factors correspond with shifts in plant phenology. In this study, we examined the relationship between canopy phenophases (pre-growth, growth, pre-dormancy, a...

Empirical relationships between field-derived Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Leaf Angle Distribution (LAD) and polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) based biophysical indicators were created and applied to map S. alterniflora marsh canopy structure. PolSAR and field data were collected near concurrently in the summers of 2010, 2011, and 2012 in coastal marshes, and PolSAR data alone were ac...

The recent development of vehicular networking technologies brings the promise of improved driving safety and traffic efficiency. Cooperative communication is recognized as a low-complexity solution for enhancing both the reliability and the throughput of vehicular networks. However, due to the openness of wireless medium, the vehicular wireless communications (VWC) is also vulnerable to potent...

This article presents a time domain transmissometry soil moisture sensor (TDT-SMS) using dispersive phase shifter (DPS), consisting of an interdigital capacitor that is loaded with stacked four-turn complementary spiral resonator (S4-CSR). Soil measurement technique the proposed based on complex permittivity sensing property DPS in domain. relative which varies its content measured by burying u...

This paper presents a soil moisture retrieval scheme from Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) delay-Doppler maps (DDMs) over land. The proposed inversion method consists of hybrid global and local optimization physics-based bistatic scattering forward model. model was developed for bare-to-densely vegetated terrains, it predicts the circularly polarized radar cross section DDM l...

The identification of central neuronal loci that command complex and coordinated behavioral expression offers the opportunity to study basic neural mechanisms that determine whether and under what conditions a specific behavior is expressed. It was previously shown in the isolated nervous system of Pleurobranchaea that the bilaterally paired ventral white cells (VWCs) of the buccal ganglion dri...

Abstract Soil moisture plays a vital role in slope stability. As water infiltrates into the soil, shear strength decreases eventually leading to failure. However, most of existing regional-scale landslide early warning systems (LEWS) rely solely on rainfall information and use thresholds determine if triggering conditions are met. The original version Catalonia region LEWS combines real-time ob...

Chordin-like cysteine-rich (CR) repeats (also referred to as von Willebrand factor type C (VWC) modules) have been identified in approximately 200 extracellular matrix proteins. These repeats, named on the basis of amino acid conservation of 10 cysteine residues, have been shown to bind members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily and are proposed to regulate growth fac...

With the recently launched Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, it is very important to have a complete understanding of the radiative transfer model for better soil moisture retrievals and to direct future research and field campaigns in areas of necessity. Because natural systems show great variability and complexity with respect to soil, land cover, topography, precipitation, there e...