To compare the effects of hypoxia and ischemia on left ventricular (LV) diastolic function, we studied 17 isolated, isovolumic dog hearts by measuring LV diastolic chamber distensibility (LV end diastolic pressure at constant volume), wall thickness, and myocardial pH in response to hypoxia at constant coronary flow or pressure versus global ischemia (zero coronary blood flow). Hypoxic perfusat...

OBJECTIVES We examined the echocardiographic characteristics of highly trained American football players. BACKGROUND Intense physical training is associated with morphologic and physiologic cardiac changes often referred to as the "athlete's heart." Echocardiographic features peculiar to elite football players have not been described. METHODS We studied cardiac morphology and function as as...

The effect of acute alterations in coronary blood flow (CBF) on left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic wall thickness was measured by reflected ultrasound in twelve anesthetized dogs. During five minutes of coronary ligation, wall thickness decreased from a control of 9.0 ± 0.3 mm to 8.1 ± 0.3 mm (P < 0.001); during reperfusion (reactive hyperemia), wall thickness was greater than control (10.2 ± ...

BACKGROUND Airway remodeling in asthma and COPD results in bronchial wall thickening. The thickness of the bronchial wall can be measured in high-resolution computed tomography. The objectives of the study were to assess the bronchial lumen and wall dimensions in asthma and COPD patients, in relation to disease severity, and to compare the airway dimensions in patients with asthma and COPD. M...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate fetal myocardial movement by using newly developed ultrasonic technique. METHODS We analyzed 50 normal fetuses between 25 and 41 weeks' gestation for changes in thickness of fetal myocardium using the phased-tracking method, a technique with high vertical distance resolution and the potential to evaluate fine ventricular wall movements. We analyzed differences in the rat...

Conjugate natural convection-conduction heat transfer in a square enclosure with a finite wall thickness is studied numerically in the present paper. The governing parameters considered are the Rayleigh number (5 × 10(3) ≤ Ra ≤ 10(6)), the wall-to-fluid thermal conductivity ratio (0.5 ≤ Kr ≤ 10), and the ratio of wall thickness to its height (0.2 ≤ D ≤ 0.4). The staggered grid arrangement toget...