Documentation, analysis, and prevention of the harmful effects of armed conflict on populations are established public health priorities [1–5]. Although public health research on war is increasingly framed in human rights terms [6–13], general public health methods are typically applied without direct links to laws of war. Laws of war are international humanitarian laws and customary standards ...

The history of air medical transport (AMT) dates to before World War I, when the French evacuated soldiers from Serbia using airplanes as ambulances as early as 1915. The first recorded use of a U.S. military air ambulance was in 1918 when an airplane was converted to accommodate a litter patient in the rear cockpit. During World War II, more than 1.1 million sick and wounded soldiers were airl...

The stress and traumas of war are unpredictable in their assault upon the human body, mind, and spirit. Children who live in war zones may experience post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A child with PTSD develops symptoms such as intense fear, disorganized and agitated behavior, emotional numbness, anxiety or depression, after being directly exposed to or witnessing an extreme traumatic situ...

The start of World War II (WWII) led to the deployment of combat troops in several continents. Destruction and many casualties among both the military and civilians became an inevitable consequence. A large amount of people injured were in need of life-saving treatment and a speedy return to duty. Intensive studies of the specific issues of diagnosis and treatment of thermal injury were conduct...

BACKGROUND Although in the last few years there has been an increasing attention to the problem of landmines, to date, the implications of women being victims of landmine has not been duly dealt with in the world including Iran, which is estimated to be the second most landmine infested country in the world. Still, provinces by the west border of Iran, 18 years after cessation of Iraq-Iran war ...

Spinal Injury had been described initially as “an ailment not to be treated”. The management was revolutionized during the second world war by Sir Ludwig Guttman and Sir George Bedbrook. They were able to demonstrate that if properly managed these patients can lead a near normal life style. Numerous Spinal injury centres were subsequently established in developed countries. However in the devel...

Protecting children from injury and abuse requires mechanisms at both the familial and societal levels. Data from wealthy and stable societies suggest that situations of stress predispose children to abusive injury. While the direct effects of armed conflict are all too apparent, even low-intensity conflict has the potential to exacerbate stress in the family. Clinicians who treat children in s...

This essay focuses on the representation of religion in Stanley Kubrick’s Full Metal Jacket (1987), Oliver Stone’s Born Fourth July (1989), and Brian de Palma’s Casualties War (1989). It explores how intersects with experience moral trauma at an individual level, films portray injury to be as damaging aspect war for Vietnam veterans grievous physical harm. Further, considers is a fundamental co...

BACKGROUND To present a patient with an indirect blast rupture of the head of pancreas, as well as with a blast contusion of the duodenum following abdominal gunshot injury. CASE REPORT A patient with the abdominal gunshot injury was submitted to the management of the injury of the liver, gaster and the right kidney in the field hospital. The revealed rupture of the head of the pancreas and t...

Injury is the number one killer of 1 to 34-year olds in the United States. [1] As many Americans are killed every year in motor vehicle crashes as were killed during the Vietnam War, at a yearly economic cost of over $60 billion. [2] Injury exacts a greater toll in potential years of life lost than cancer and cardiovascular disease combined. [3] Yet, in 1985, the National Research Council of th...