Consumer preferences in east Asian part of the world pave the way for consumption of lotus stem starch (LSS) in preparations such as breakfast meals, fast foods, and traditional confectioneries. The present study envisaged the investigation and optimization of additives, that is, acacia gum, sodium chloride (NaCl), and sucrose, on water absorption (WA), water absorption index (WAI), and water s...

Cracking of concrete, which may be induced by several mechanisms, such as shrinkage, thermal effect, and loading, plays an important role in the deterioration of reinforced concrete structures because they provide additional pathways for water and aggressive agents, for example, chlorides, to penetrate into concrete. To well understand the transport properties of cracked/damaged concrete is ess...

abstract soilless culture of greenhouse vegetables has been a fast developing section in iran during recent years. most growers use hydroponics systems with artificial substrates. some of the used substrates have low water retention which results in wasting a great deal of solution. on the other hand, low vigor of cucumber root in water and fertilizer absorption, especially in low media tempera...

performance optimization of a single-effect lithium bromide water absorption refrigerationsystem is the subject of this paper. first, the thermodynamic model of the system wasderived based on thefirst and second law analysis of an absorption refrigeration cycle with libr-water as the working fluid pair.then, the effects of different design parameters such as the generator inlet hot water temper...

Marine teleost fish osmoregulation involves seawater ingestion and intestinal fluid absorption. Solute coupled fluid absorption by the marine teleost fish intestine has long been believed to be the product of Na(+) and Cl(-) absorption via the Na(+) :K(+) :2Cl(-) co-transporter (NKCC2). However, the past decade has revealed that intestinal anion exchange contributes significantly to Cl(-) absor...

BACKGROUND The nitric oxide (NO) precursor L-arginine has been shown to produce variable effects on intestinal absorptive function, including ion transport. AIMS To determine whether there is an optimal concentration of L-arginine, promoting proabsorptive effects from oral rehydration solutions (ORS) with 90 or 60 mM sodium. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In vivo perfusion of rat jejunum with determi...

Specular X-ray reflectivity (XR) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements were used to determine the absorption of water into thin poly(4-ammonium styrenesulfonic acid) films from saturated vapor at 25 degrees C. The effect of film thickness on the absorption kinetics and overall absorption was investigated in the range of thickness from (3 to 200) nm. The equilibrium swelling of all ...

The magnitude of endogenous contamination of various perfusion techniques used to study water and electrolyte absorption in humans was examined indirectly by comparing rates of water and sodium absorption from saline and glucose-saline mixtures administered by both the double-lumen and triple-lumen techniques. Both perfusion systems are pictured, and their construction described. Double-lume ...

Water solubility of phthalocyanines (Pcs) usually increases by the introduction of charged or carboxy substituents in the peripheral positions of the macrocycle. As a result, such structural changes influence their photophysical and photochemical properties as photosensitizers. Phthalocyanines substituted with four or eight terminal carboxyl groups and having in some cases additional eight posi...

It has been suggested that the significant differences that still persist between the measurements of earth’s radiation budget and the predictions are partially due to the inadequacies in the absorption coefficients of water vapor used in the calculations. Water in all its three phases has a profound influence on both the longwave and shortwave streams of radiation, because of its strong absorp...