INTRODUCTION A water-in-oil microemulsion is a thermodynamically stable emulsion that has the capacity to 'hide' water-soluble molecules within a continuous oil phase. The very small size of the water droplets within the microemulsion means that these types of formulation can be applied topically to the skin, with the result that peptides and proteins can be delivered effectively into the derma...

a number of 1810 members of the water user associations (wuas) of jarghouyeh district consisted the statistical population of the study, out of which 150 farmers were selected as sample using proportionate stratified random sampling technique. a questionnaire was developed for gathering the data and information. content validity and cronbach alpha proved both the validity and reliability of the...

Transdermal delivery that avoids the presystemic disposition can provide an alternative to oral administration of tadalafil. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to select the best vehicle as the first step in optimization of tadalafil transdermal delivery. The vehicles were used neat or in selected binary combinations and were evaluated for drug solubilization and transdermal delivery. The d...

BACKGROUND Assessment of quality of life (QOL) is of paramount importance for improving postpartum QOL which will in turn enhance QOL of mothers, children, individuals, and the community. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare postpartum QOL after Cesarean Section (CS), Normal Vaginal Delivery (NVD), and water birth delivery. METHODS This descriptive analytical, cross-sectional study...

BACKGROUND Atrazine and other corn herbicides are routinely detected in drinking water. Two studies on potential association of atrazine with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and preterm birth prevalence found inconsistent results. Moreover, these studies did not control for individual-level potential confounders. OBJECTIVES Our retrospective cohort study evaluated whether atrazine in drinking...

The present optimal water delivery scheduling models are based on the assumed equal design discharges of lateral canals, which are not in accordance with practical water delivery scheduling demand in most irrigation systems. In order to solve this problem, a model of lateral canals with unequal discharges and a solution method were proposed; At present, traditional fixed penalty factor have som...

background: cesarean delivery is a surgery for deliver a baby. women with previous cesarean delivery (cd) must often choose between a vaginal delivery (vd) and repeat cd. our aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with preference for cd in neyshabur pregnant women with previous cd. methods: a cross‑sectional study was conducted on all pregnant women (who had previous caesarean ...

background: nowadays, there has been a growing trend of caesarean sections in iran. one reason would be the mother’s desire. increased maternal self‑efficacy can be an important step to reduce percentage of cesarean. this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of training‑based strategies to increase the self‑efficacy for choosing delivery method among pregnant women in shahrekord city. met...

Water-soluble tetraazaperopyrene (TAPP) derivatives have been synthesized, which show both high photostability and high fluorescence quantum yields (>80%) in water. Furthermore delivery of the dye into cells demonstrated selective staining of the nucleus.