PLCs are used in many real world applications. In any industry to achieve automation PLC is the first choice. Traditional methods of bottle filling is time consuming and expensive. This method involved placing of bottles onto a conveyor belt and filling only one bottle at a time. Filling is a task that carried out by a machine which packages liquid products such as cold drinks, water or milk et...

Degraded soils in Northwest China are mostly nonproductive due to imbalanced nutrient and inadequate water supply. The effects of manure application at three different rates (7.5, 15.0, and 22.5 t ha) combined with chemical fertilizers on soil water and Water-Use Efficiency in maize [compared with chemical fertilizers (control)], under semi-arid conditions in dark Loessial soil and over a perio...

One of the technology options that can help farmers cope with water scarcity at the field level is alternate wetting and drying (AWD). Limited information is available on the varietal responses to nitrogen, AWD, and their interactions. Field experiments were conducted at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) farm in 2009 dry season (DS), 2009 wet season (WS), and 2010 DS to determine...

Cross-layer design approaches are critical to efficiently utilize radio resources. Resource allocation decision is made by assuming a single user. Multiple access scheme used is an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDM). With the goal of choosing best error detection technique, various techniques are compared. A resource allocation algorithm is required to efficiently allocate pow...

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important agricultural crops worldwide. However, water is the most important limiting factor for wheat production. This study was initiated to test water stress environmental effects on grain quality and nutritional value of wheat by using single different water conditions at post-anthesis stage. Further analyses were conducted to examine variatio...

In this paper we present application of greedy interference avoidance to wireless systems with multiple bases which do not collaborate or exchange information. We start with a simple system consisting of two users and two base stations for which we formally state a greedy interference avoidance algorithm and show that its application converges to a simultaneous water filling solution which is a...

In this project, we have worked with an indicator on automatic water level controller. When looked up our topic the internet, realized that most of projects used microcontrollers or IC 555, but didn’t include any these circuits in model. Our design is based LM324N IC, which functions as a rectifier, oscillator, and comparator. On foundation, construct circuit, model successfully executed at min...

The paper presents an algorithm for joint codeword adaptation and power control in which users in a CDMA system so as to achieve a specified set of target signal-to-interference plus-noise ratios (SINR). Codeword adaptation is based on greedy interference avoidance which decreases the effective interference seen by users and is followed eventually by power adjustment if the resulting SINR after...

Lodging-resistant rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars usually show slow grain filling when nitrogen is applied in large amounts. This study investigated the possibility that a hormonal change may mediate the effect of water deficit that enhances whole plant senescence and speeds up grain filling. Two rice cultivars showing high lodging resistance and slow grain filling were field grown and applied wi...