− Reported here are some results obtained, from a calculus algorithm application that, based on known equation analytical solutions of water flow profiles, allows the study of steady-state, gradually varied flow in open channel networks. The procedure allows to calculate, in the case of slow water flow into gradually downward slope channels, in the direction of motion, the florates and water le...

13 Abstract— The dynamic ecosystem model LPJ-GUESS includes 14 explicit representation of vegetation dynamics as well as soil 15 biogeochemistry, and has been widely and successfully 16 implemented in predicting vegetation biomass and carbon cycling 17 at different scales. However, the water cycling for each grid cell in 18 the model is only considering the movement between atmosphere, 19 veget...

To minimize the total energy consumption of a cooling tower-assisted heat pump (CTAHP) system in cooling mode, a model-based control strategy with hybrid optimization algorithm for the system is presented in this paper. An existing experimental device, which mainly contains a closed wet cooling tower with counter flow construction, a condenser water loop and a water-to-water heat pump unit, is ...

Due to growing demands of water in the upcoming years and with many areas severely impacted by crisis today, we might need a more efficient system than traditional techniques domestic management. We aim at developing an cost-effective method placing upper limit on quantity used daily manage short supply water. In order do this, have embedded algorithm that integrates functions like data acquisi...

atomization is a process by which a volume of liquid is converted spray. this process includes the breakup of the liquid jet or the liquid sheet exiting the injector. this paper has experimentally investigated the models and mechanisms for the breakup of the liquid jet and the liquid sheet formed by the jets impingement in a still environment and in an environment with counter flow, coflow, and...

introduction flood is an inevitable natural phenomenon occurring from time to time in all rivers and natural drainage systems, which not only damages the lives, natural resources and environment, but also causes the loss of economy and health. so estimation and prediction flood hazard is very important spatially in the watersheds without measurement station. there are many models in the water a...

To deal with severe drought when water supply is insufficient hedging rule, based on hedging rule curve, is proposed. In general, in discrete hedging rules, the rationing factors have changed from a zone to another zone at once. Accordingly, this paper is an attempt to improve the conventional hedging rule to control the changes of rationing factors. In this regard, the simulation model has emp...

In this paper, a novel algorithm for the load flow analysis problem in an islanded microgrid is proposed. The problem is modeled without any slack bus by considering the steady state frequency as one of the load flow variables. To model different control modes of DGs, such as droop, PV and PQ, in an islanded microgrid, a new formula for load flow equations is proposed. A hybrid optimization alg...

dynamic economic load dispatch is one of the most important roles of power generation’s operation and control. it determines the optimal controls of production of generator units with predicted load demand over a certain period of time. economic dispatch at minimum production cost is one of the most important subjects in the power network’s operation, which is a complicated nonlinear constraine...