The SIGNAL biotic index for river macroinvertebrates, originally developed and tested in eastern Australia, was revised for application to the entire continent. Macroinvertebrate survey data from the National River Health Program were used to set grade numbers between 1 and 10 to represent the water-quality sensitivities of 210 taxa. Grades were assigned at the taxonomic levels customarily used...

The rising fertilizer use accompanying more people eating more has been called exponential (1) and prompted fears of polluted water and consequent methemoglobinemia (2) and hypoxia (3). It also has raised alarm about greenhouse warming (4) and an altered global N cycle and thus primary production (5) and diversity (1) of vegetation. In this plethora of issues we concentrate on a few, beginning ...

Changes in sulphur and nitrogen pollution in Swedish forests have been assessed in relation to European emission reductions, based on measurements in the Swedish Throughfall Monitoring Network. Measurements were analysed over 20 years with a focus on the 12-year period 1996 to 2008. Air concentrations of SO(2) and NO(2), have decreased. The SO(4)-deposition has decreased in parallel with the Eu...

Real-time Monitoring and early detection system which measures the quality standard of waste in Musi River, Palembang, Indonesia is a system for determining air and water pollution level. This system was designed in order to create an integrated monitoring system and provide real time information that can be read. It is designed to measure acidity and water turbidity polluted by industrial wast...

The study investigates water quality pollution impacts on urbanization by analyzing temporal and spatial characteristics of different water quality parameters, and simulating economic loss of water quality pollution in Xi’an, China from 1996 to 2003. Results show that organic pollutants were the greatest contributors of surface water quality pollution from 1996 to 2003. High values existed in p...

used to be previously. At the present time cholera is a problem of the villages. Our present methods of dealing with cholera are of the suppressive rather than preventive type. Any organization for the control of the disease is put into action after an epidemic of cholera has already started; this can never be successful. On the other hand if we can ensure the safety of drinking water in the vi...

environmental pollution of soil, plants and deposits around highways endanger urban environment through heavy metals as the by-products of vehicles and urban industries along with other pollutants. in this research, three main highways of tehran city; namely shahid chamran, shahid hemmat and yadegar emam which had the highest rate of vehicle transportation were selected and required sampling wa...

INTRODUCTION Oil spill in fresh water can affect ecological processes and accordingly it can influence human health. Iran, due to having 58.8 % of the world oil reserves, is highly vulnerable to water contamination by oil products. AIM The aim of this study was to determine environmental factors affecting the management of the oil spill into one of the river in Iran using the PESTLE analysis....