The link between water scarcity and public unrest is a close one. Groundwater is the only viable resource in most arid and semi-arid environments that can sustain rural and urban populations. Periodic drought forces people off the land who take refuge in the cities, taxing already stressed resources. Mining of groundwater places cities at risk; aquifers supplying both Yemen’s capital city Sana’...

Abstract This study hopes to develop a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method for equitable and efficient allocation of water resources under scarcity. Based on the Bankruptcy problems, five classic plus one proposed rules are introduced generate distribution alternatives. The “Core” solution Cooperative Game Theory (CGT) Security Restriction have been used select feasible Additionally, v...

Abstract Water scarcity threatens people in various regions, and has predominantly been studied from a water quantity perspective only. Here we show that global is driven by both quality issues, quantify expansions clean technologies (i.e. desalination treated wastewater reuse) to ‘reduce the number of suffering scarcity’ as urgently required UN’s Sustainable Development Goal 6. Including tempe...