In order to investigate the effects of artificial substrates (vertical surface of polypropylene fabrics) on cultured shrimp, we reared 28-day old Litopenaeus vannamei post-larvae (PL28) intensively for 90 days at a density of 510 shrimp/m2 in each of 8 tanks. Two tanks containing no artificial substrate were a control group, and 1, 3 and 5 artificial substrates were present in other 6 tanks. T...

Introduction Rainwater harvesting is becoming increasingly popular as the availability of good quality water decreases. Rainwater harvesting is acknowledged as a sustainable source of water that has less impact on the environment. In 2004, 17% of households in Australia had rainwater as a source of water. In rural Western Australia 62% of the households owned rainwater tanks and 53% had rainwat...

An outbreak of Campylobacter enteritis among staff on a resort island in north Queensland is reported. Untreated rainwater and food from the staff dining room were initially suspected as possible sources of infection but Campylobacter species were not isolated from any environmental samples. Faecal contamination was detected in four rainwater tanks. A case control study involved a total of 23 c...

INTRODUCTION Unpleasant odour from drinking water in newly built ships is increasingly documented by the German Port Health Authority during sanitary inspections. Chemical contaminations are assumed to originate from washed off solvents of tank coatings due to the non-maintenance of required drying periods. The aim of this study was to explore the frequency of drinking water contamination by ch...

The economic value of irrigation water was determined through Contingency Valuation Method and Crop-Water Production function during wet and dry season of paddy cultivation. Factors namely, area under rice and water requirement influenced the willingness to pay for water by farmers. Social values of farmers’ over water were found to be high. The comparison of the economic value of water estimat...

<p>Os reservatórios de água para consumo humano permitem garantir reservas nos sistemas abastecimento e gerir variações do consumo. Contudo, a sua configuração os modos operação podem ter implicações na qualidade da distribuída. Este trabalho apresenta uma caracterização dos em Portugal, incidindo nas características físicas operacionais que condicionam o seu desempenho ponto vista mistur...