language learning strategies have been controversial ever since rubin’s (1975) landmark article more that 30 years ago. to this day, there is no consensus regarding exactly what a strategy is, which has impeded research initiatives and at times threatened the validity of research findings. the relationship between strategies and successful language learning has also been questioned. based on th...

Rat striata were exposed to 15 mM quinolinic acid (QUIN), or QUIN plus the nitric oxide synthase inhibitors S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline dihydrochloride (L-MIN) or 7-nitroindazole monosodium salt (7-NINA) for 21 days. Co-administration of 100 microM or 1 mM L-MIN with QUIN significantly reduced lesion volume compared to QUIN alone. Co-administration of 1 microM or 10 microM L-MIN with QUIN had no ...

The negative effect of distance on bilateral trade is one of the most robust findings in international trade. However, the underlying causes of this negative relationship are less well understood. This paper exploits a temporary shock to distance, the closing of the Suez canal in 1967 and its reopening in 1975, to examine the effect of distance on trade and the effect of trade on income. Time s...

I often have one eye on the PBS NewsHour when I’m preparing dinner, but whenever the subject turns to the Supreme Court, I snap to full attention. I love the NewsHour’s Marcia Coyle who, like her equally engaging counterpart Nina Totenberg on National Public Radio, bears witness to the Court’s exertions and delights in sharing them with us. In an age of 24/7 tweets and Snapchats, courtroom draw...

La cumbia, el bullerengue, son de negro y currulao parte la herencia viva África en Colombia; huellas africanía, como lo refería Nina Friedemann (1992), que reafirman una presencia antigua originaria, entre nosotros. musicalidad ha sido esencial para los estudios pensamiento sobre identidad, cultura negra condición las comunidades afrodescendientes Améfrica (Du Bois, 1999; D. Zapata, 1962; M. 2...

We study the effects of oil-price shocks on the U.S economy combining narrative and quantitative approaches. After examining daily oil-related events since 1984, we classify them into various event types. We then develop measures of exogenous shocks that avoid endogeneity and predictability concerns. Estimation results indicate that oil-price shocks have had substantial and statistically signif...