to study the response of pinto-bean yield and yield components in intercropping with maize and naked-pumpkin under weed competition, two similar experiments were conducted in rasht and roudsar separately each in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications on factorial arrangements experiment in 2013. the treatments of first factor consisted of  pinto bean (100 and 75%) sole cropping,...

To assess potential effects of seed limitation, characteristics of invader species and characteristics of established plant communities on recruitment success, we conducted a split-plot experiment factorially combining three weeding treatments corresponding to increasing successional age (regular weeding < cessation of weeding after three years < never weeded since sowing) with two seed limitat...

North American prairie vegetation has been a role model for designing highly attractive plantings for German urban green spaces for the past decade. In combination with gravel mulch top layers on planting sites and non-selective maintenance techniques like mowing or burning, prairie plantings are considered to be cost-effective and low-maintenance. This study was undertaken to assess the impact...

This research evaluated the effectiveness of biodegradable mulches for weed control in container-grown ‘Martin’ giant arborvitae (Thuja plicata) and measured the effects of these mulches on evaporation and substrate temperature. The experiment was carried out in the 2008 and 2009 growing seasons. Four biodegradable mulching materials were tested and compared with a chemical control (oxadiazon) ...

Smallholder farmers in southern Africa have reported on increased labour requirements for hoe weeding due to high weed infestations in conservation farming (CF) fields. However, CF proponents claim that weed pressure and labour requirements for weeding decrease within the first three years under the recommended CF practices. An observational study was carried out during the 2008/09 cropping sea...

to assess the effect of non chemical management of weed control on forage sorghum (sorghum bicolor) a field study was conducted in varamin, iran during 2010 crop year in a three- replicated- split factorial experiment laid out in randomized complete block design with four weeding levels (w1= one time cultivation at 3-leaf stage using a duck foot cultivator, w2= two times cultivation at 3 and 5-...