Bulk density of the Ap horizon is dynamic with respect to time and land use and therefore multiple field measurements are necessary to characterize it. Researchers often need a bulk density value to use in models, characterize field conditions, or convert gravimetric to volumetric measurements. A method is described to predict the field bulk density of the Ap horizon by measurement of the bulk ...

In this paper, several transversely cracked RC beams, self-anchored in a three-point bending mode, were prepared and subjected to NaCl solution drying–wetting cycles. Based on two experimental results obtained after 15 and 30 cycles, respectively, the profiles of free chloride concentration at different sections of sound and cracked concretes were presented and analyzed. The depth of surface co...

Characterization of the leaching behavior of wastes is a crucial step in the environmental assessment for reuse or disposal scenarios. The release of inorganic contaminants from waste materials is typically evaluated by tank leaching of continuously water-saturated material. However, materials, in many field or management scenarios, experience cyclic wetting and drying under varied environmenta...

[1] Primary productivity and vegetation cover are strongly related to how precipitation is partitioned into surface discharge, storage, and evapotranspiration (ET). Thus, quantifying feedbacks between changes in precipitation and vegetation at regional scales is a critical step toward predicting both carbon balance and water resources as climate and land cover change. We used a catchment-based ...

A wetting and drying scheme (WDS) is developed to incorporate into a three-dimensional sigmacoordinate coastal ocean model (POM; Blumberg and Mellor, 1983) with proposing an extended logarithmic profile within and above bed boundary layers to accurately simulate 3D hydrodynamics in extremely shallow coastal seas. While the WDS is simplistically formulated, it can selectively retain the computat...

We propose a numerical scheme based on the Chebyshev pseudo-spectral collocation method for solving the integral and integro-differential equations of the density-functional theory and its dynamic extension. We demonstrate the exponential convergence of our scheme, which typically requires much fewer discretization points to achieve the same accuracy compared to conventional methods. This discr...

Life in desert soil is marked by episodic pulses of water and nutrients followed by long periods of drought. While the desert flora and fauna flourish after rainfall the response of soil microorganisms remains unclear and understudied. We provide the first systematic study of the role of soil aqueous habitat dynamics in shaping microbial community composition and diversity. Detailed monitoring ...

Evidence for stomatal uptake of solutes by leaves without the application of surfactants or pressure has recently been provided (Eichert et al., 1998). In the present study, experimental conditions were refined in that the water potential was held at <0 on the physiologically inner side of the epidermal strips (ES) by use of a ceramic plate or the proper mesophyll of the plant. The penetrated s...

Wetting and dewetting are both fundamental modes of motion of liquids on solid surfaces. They are critically important for processes in biology, chemistry, and engineering, such as drying, coating, and lubrication. However, recent progress in wetting, which has led to new fields such as superhydrophobicity and liquid marbles, has not been matched by dewetting. A significant problem has been the...

The impact of heat treatment and wetting–drying cycles on the wetting properties sandy forest soils was explored. Topsoil upper subsoil were sampled at three beech sites in northern Germany. air-dried treated 20, 40 80°C for 24 h, with materials 20°C serving as reference. After wetting, or shock-frozen liquid N2 freeze-dried. Interfacial monitored by sessile drop contact angles (CAs) X-ray phot...