Hearing loss during the critical period for language acquisition restricts spoken language input. This input limitation, in turn, may hamper syntactic development. This study examined the comprehension, production, and repetition of Wh-questions in deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) children. The participants were 11 orally trained Hebrew-speaking children aged 9.1-12.4 with moderate-to-profound hea...

This study focuses on the relation between verb position and verb inflection in the speech production of Dutch agrammatic patients. In Dutch, the finite verb is moved to second position in the matrix clause (de jongen leest een boek: the boy reads a book), but remains in its base generated, that is final, position in the embedded clause (ik zie dat de jongen een boek leest: lit. I see that the ...

Clause boundary identification is a very important task in natural language processing. Identifying the clauses in the sentence becomes a tough task if the clauses are embedded inside other clauses in the sentence. In our approach, we use the dependency parser to identify the boundary for the clause. The dependency tag set, contains 11 tags, and is useful for identifying the boundary of the cla...

This paper concerns itself with the superlative morpheme -est and its ability to license Negative Polarity Items (NPIs) such as any or ever, and in particular the compositional analysis of a puzzling type of utterance which incorporates these grammatical elements. Specifically, an embedded clause structure which appears at first glance to be a restrictive relative clause modifier will be argued...

One central issue in the theory of clause types is whether force is represented in the syntax. Based on data from English, Italian, and Paduan, we examine this question focusing on a less well-studied clause type, exclamatives. We argue that there is no particular element in syntax responsible for introducing force. Rather, there are two fundamental syntactic components which identify a clause ...

In this way it resembles the English ECM construction. But as we’ll see, there are some important differences. To start with, the embedded clause is finite, and shows agreement. Also, the embedded clause has the complementizer -ko, so in GB terms we would say it is a CP rather than an IP. We’ll see other differences later. Today we will be defending the view that the Korean ECM construction is ...

Natural language processing is a fast and automatized process. A crucial part of this process is parsing, the online incremental construction of a syntactic structure. The aim of this study was to test whether a wh-filler extracted from an embedded clause is initially attached as the object of the matrix verb with subsequent reanalysis, and if so, whether the plausibility of such an attachment ...

Abstract Since the early days of generative grammar, the study of "unbounded dependencies" such as wh-questions and relative clauses has occupied a central place in both syntactic theory and language processing research. The problem that such constructions pose is as follows. In a normal wh-question, a wh-phrase is typically displaced to the left periphery of a clause (What did you say - to Joh...

Tue aim of this paper is to find a fonnalism of the TAG family, where the derivation controller can be interpreted as a semantic dependency graph, in the sense of Meaning-Text Theory (ZM67; M88). In a previous paper (CK98), we study tliis interpretation of the derivation tree (DT) in the case of standard TAG. We prove that, in the general case, if the predieate-argument cooccurence principle1 [...

This study investigates two types of clausal structures in American Sign Language (ASL), “rhetorical” whquestions and doubling constructions. Following work by Petronio (1993), I assume the stance that rhetorical wh-questions are pseudoclefts (wh-clefts). Unlike languages that use focus particles or relative clause-like structures, here ASL achieves the semantic properties of a cleft by moving ...