Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs; composed of mainly fructans, sucrose [Suc], glucose [Glc], and fructose) deposited in wheat (Triticum aestivum) stems are important carbon sources for grain filling. Variation in stem WSC concentrations among wheat genotypes is one of the genetic factors influencing grain weight and yield under water-limited environments. Here, we describe the molecular dissec...

A comparative study of enzymatic hydrolysis of dry wheat gluten was carried out by exoprotease and endoprotease enzyme praparations. Gluten of different rheological properties was conditionally divided into three groups on the basis of the compressive deformation index (Hdef) determined with the IDK-1 instrument: shortcleaved (Hdef 40 instr. units), good (Hdef 65 instr. units) and weak gluten (...

Seeds have well-established passive physical and chemical defense mechanisms that protect their food reserves from decay-inducing organisms and herbivores. However, there are few studies evaluating potential biochemical defenses of dormant seeds against pathogens. Caryopsis decay by the pathogenic Fusarium avenaceum strain F.a.1 was relatively rapid in wild oat (Avena fatua L.) isoline "M73," w...

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of enzyme complex on in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility for feed ingredients. The objective of experiment 1 was to screen feed ingredients that can be effective substrates for an enzyme complex, mainly consisted of β-pentosanase, β-glucanase and α-amylase, using in vitro digestibility methods. In experiment 1, the test ingredients were...

abstract soil microbiological criteria are a complex reflection of interactive metabolic processes that may not be evaluated only by measuring a single parameter but rather it requires the simultaneous determination of more parameters and combining them. the objective of this research was to study enzyme activities: microbial biomass carbon ratios in salinized and none-saline soils in the prese...

proper conditions for producing crude beta-galactosidase from waste materials were de-termined. this enzyme is to be used in the production of lactose-hydrolyzed milk. whey permeate was used as a basic medium. twenty seven treatments were developed by 3 vary-ing factors of: yeast extract (1, 2, and 3 %), wheat steep liquor (1, 2, and 3 %), and whey powder (0.5, 1, and 1.5 %). crude enzyme extra...

BACKGROUND Exposure to airborne wheat allergen is a well-known cause of bakers' allergy and asthma. Airborne wheat allergen can be measured by enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) in extracts of inhalable dust samples, but only limited knowledge is available on the size distribution of wheat allergen-carrying particles. Recently, a new sampling medium, porous polyurethane foam, has been introduced for th...

To investigate the effects of ozone on winter wheat and flixweed under competition, two species were exposed to ambient, elevated and high [O3] for 30 days, planted singly or in mixculture. Eco-physiological responses were examined at different [O3] and fumigating time. Ozone reduced the contents of chlorophyll, increased the accumulation of H2O2 and malondialdehyde in both wheat and flixweed. ...

For both wheat allergy and coeliac disease the dietary avoidance of wheat and other gluten-containing cereals is the only effective treatment. Estimation of the maximum tolerated amount of gluten for susceptible individuals would support effective management of their disease. Literature was reviewed to evaluate whether an upper limit for gluten content in food, which would be safe for sufferers...