Researchers have debated for 134 years whether birth order has long-term effects on the development of a child, and so far no consensus has emerged. In addition to practical applications and relevance to the study of personality, birth order effects are an important test case for theories about how and whether home environment affects the adults children become (Pinker, 2002; Sulloway, 1996). I...

This paper uses a using a nationally representative dataset to show that gender, birth order and sibling characteristics have significant effects on the schooling attainment of Egyptian children. Our analysis finds that relative to a male child, female and rural children are not only less likely to have the right schooling for age, but birth order and sibling characteristics also affect these t...

Addressing the complex, multi-factorial causes of childhood anaemia is best done through integrated packages of interventions. We hypothesized that due to reduced child vulnerability, a "buffering" of risk associated with known causes of anaemia would be observed among children living in areas benefiting from a community-based health and nutrition program intervention. Cross-sectional data on t...

This work was supported by grants from the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Program-Belgian State-Belgian Science Policy, the National Cancer Plan of the Federal Ministry of Health, the Stichting tegen Kanker, the Vlaamse Kanker Liga, an Integrated Project and an EU FP6funded Network of Excellence, an IWT-TBM program, the FWO-Vlaanderen and the Scientific Fund Willy Gepts of the University hosp...

A new fossil mushroom is described and illustrated from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of northeast Brazil. Gondwanagaricites magnificus gen. et sp. nov. is remarkable for its exceptional preservation as a mineralized replacement in laminated limestone, as all other fossil mushrooms are known from amber inclusions. Gondwanagaricites represents the oldest fossil mushroom to date and the fi...

An oldest-first generational garbage collector leaves intact the most recently allocated object space, and instead collects the remaining, older objects. Because these older objects have had more time to die, an oldestfirst copying collector will generally do less copying that a traditional generational collector (which operates youngest-first), a non-generational collector, and even Clinger an...

Engelswies is an early Miocene vertebrate locality in southern Germany with a rich assemblage of terrestrial mammals, invertebrates and fossil plants. It is dated to 16.5-17.0 Ma based on magnetostratigraphy, biostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy, and includes among the faunal remains a hominoid upper molar fragment, the oldest hominoid so far identified from Europe. The evidence from Engelswie...