An economic evaluation of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) immunization was conducted to examine whether Hib immunization should be included in Korea's national immunization program. The costs and benefits included direct and indirect values and an estimation of the economic efficiency. We determined that a universal Hib immunization program in Korea would prevent 17 deaths and 280 invasive ...

AIM To present a novel, less-invasive method of endoscopic drainage (ED) for walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WON).We describe the feasibility, success rate, and complications of combined ED extra-cavitary lavage and debridement of WON using a biliary catheter and high-flow water jet system (water pump). PATIENTS AND METHODS Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage was performed with insert...

The two-fold purpose of our research is to develop mathematical programming tools for the optimal or near-optimal design of a new type of network architecture called the Wavelength-Division Optical Network (WON) and to discover underlying design principles for such networks via experimentation using these tools. The WON, a multichannel, multihop lightwave network with tunable transceivers, is s...

Learner autonomy has been described as the ultimate objective in many language teaching programs since the third quarter of the twentieth century and educators have highlighted the significant role of promoting learner autonomy in the process of language learning and teaching. However, only limited number of studies has been awarded to what leaner autonomy mean to teachers. This study addressed...

OlympiAD was a phase 3 randomized controlled trial of a PARP inhibitor olaparib for metastatic HER2 negative breast cancer patients harboring a BRCA mutation. Although the OlympiAD trial met its primary endpoint, there are concerns regarding whether olaparib truly improves meaningful outcomes for these patients. In this editorial, I examine these issues in detail. An exploration of these issues...

The Australian Government has proposed to introduce a policy that will impose a cost on greenhouse emissions (a carbon price). The mechanism, intended to start on 1 July 2012, is to commence with a government-fixed carbon price – $23 per tonne CO2-e in 2012–13 increasing by 5% per annum (2.5% in real terms) – which would continue for three years, before being converted into a market-based emiss...