Introduction: The development of international activities in order to generate revenue, branding, increase quality and gain credibility has become the main concern of world-class universities. The purpose of this study is to develop a model for the development of international scientific cooperation in the higher education system of the country with a Grounded Theory Approach. Methods: This  st...

there are two major theories of measurement in psychometrics: classical test theory (ctt) and item-response theory (irt). despite its widespread and long use, ctt has a number of shortcomings, which make it problematic to be used for practical and theoretical purposes. irt tries to solve these shortcomings, and provide better and more dependable answers. one of the applications of irt is the as...

until now many studies have been done over recent decades throughout the world to show the right age to start english. in iran, research is still at an early stage in terms of evaluating teachers’ beliefs about teaching children english. the problem of at what age to start teaching english and how to teach english to elementary school children has not been solved neither in this country nor els...