The present study aims to investigated Iranian L2 speaker`s knowledge of the overt pronounconstraint (OPC) in English. It also aims to examine L2 learners understanding of UniversalGrammar (Chomsky 1981, 1986, 2000, 2001) and if it is common to all languages. Specifically,this study takes a new look at the L2 acquisition of knowledge of the overt pronoun constraint(Montalbetti 1984) by Persian ...

This paper presents a novel effect of Pronoun Resolution on measurement of document similarity. In this paper we have studied the effect of pronoun resolution within the framework of the Vector Space Model and Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis. For this purpose we have developed a Benchmark Corpus consisting of documents whose similarity scores have been given by human beings. We measured ...

Although previous studies have consistently demonstrated that gender information is used to resolve pronouns, the mechanisms underlying the use of gender information continue to be controversial. The present study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate whether working memory modulates the effect of gender information on pronoun resolution. The critical pronoun agreed or disagreed w...

In the majority of cases, the pronoun it illustrates nominal anaphora, tending to refer back to another noun phrase in the text. However, in a significant minority of cases, the pronoun is used in exceptional ways that fail to demonstrate strict nominal anaphora. The identification of these uses of it is important in all fields where pronoun resolution has an impact. Following a survey of previ...

The research investigated how word-specific gender stereotype information can be used during language comprehension. In a rating study, the gender stereotypes for 405 noun and noun compounds were assessed. From these norms, 32 words strongly stereotyped to refer mostly to males and 32 words strongly stereotyped to refer mostly to females were selected and used in a reading experiment. Comprehen...

Abstract The Old Chinese function word 焉 yān is frequently interpreted as a fusion of [ 於 (‘at/on/in’) + 此 (near demonstrative pronoun)] in terms its meaning. Ever since Kennedy ( 1940a , b ; 1953 ) argued that *an (third-person pronoun)], it has been controversial to exactly which third-person pronoun/demonstrative pronoun corresponds Chinese. There no appropriate for this reconstruction. This...

Cataphoric dependencies where a pronoun precedes its antecedent appear to call on different mechanisms in language comprehension from forward dependencies where the antecedent precedes the pronoun. Previous research has shown that the resolution of cataphoric dependencies involves predictive processes such as the active search mechanism, which hypothesizes the automatic search for an antecedent...

This essay outlines the problems associated with the history and current absence of a genderneutral third-person singular personal pronoun in the English language. The combination of the social and grammatical consequences of this language gap results in pronoun choices that are either politically incorrect or verbose. Experts’ attempts to fill this language gap have failed to take root on any ...

in the classification of morpho-phonological processes of different languages proposed by jensen (1990), the least frequent process is perhaps the one related to morph-movement due to morpho-phonological reasons, which leads to changes in the canonical order of morphs in the word form. this article aimed to introduce a case of this rare process in kalhori kurdish. this process takes place in th...

In a story completion study involving transfer-of-possession passages (John handed a book to Bob. He _____), Stevenson et al. (1994) identified a pronoun interpretation preference that is compatible with two possible explanations: a superficial thematic role bias for Goals over Sources, and a deeper event structure bias toward focusing on the end state of such events. To distinguish these hypot...