In TTX-sensitive nerve and skeletal muscle Na+ channels, selective modification of external carboxyl groups with trimethyloxonium (TMO) or water-soluble carbodiimide (WSC) prevents voltage-dependent Ca2+ block, reduces unitary conductance, and decreases guanidinium toxin affinity. In the case of TMO, it has been suggested that all three effects result from modification of a single carboxyl grou...

The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between partitioning and isotopic fractionation of nitrogen (N) in sheep consuming diets with varying ratios of N to water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC). Six non-lactating sheep were offered a constant dry matter (DM) allowance with one of three ratios of dietary N/WSC, achieved by adding sucrose and urea to lucerne pellets. A re...

The effects of roughage source and timing of inclusion in high-concentrate diets on feedlot performance were evaluated in each of 2 yr with 144 and 120 long-fed Holstein steers, respectively. Roughage, when included in the diet, was delivered in a built-in-roughage (BIR) pellet supplying 15 and 6% roughage (percentage of DM) or hay crop silage (HCS) supplying 7 and 10% roughage (percentage of D...

compound action potential (cap) of spinal cord represents valuable properties of neural fibers including excitability, rate of myelination and membrane integrity. these properties are measured using amplitude, latency and area under curve of caps recorded from spinal cord. here, the isolated spinal cord was set in a double sucrose gap (dsg) chamber and its response to intracellular stimulation ...

ERS scatterometer (WSC) measurements provide an ideal source of data for large-scale studies of vegetation dynamics because of their good coverage in a relatively short time. The seasonal backscatter changes of a range of vegetation types are examined and related to the vegetation biophysical properties and weather patterns. Moreover, backscattering coefficient, σ, patterns are compared to the ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Carbohydrate temporarily accumulates in wheat stems during the early reproductive growth phase, predominantly as water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), and is subsequently remobilized during grain filling. Starch has also been reported as a minor storage carbohydrate component in wheat stems, but the details are lacking. METHODS The accumulation and localization of starch in wh...

Planning is a promising technique for Web Service Composition (WSC). As industrial engineers and academic researchers use different languages, we try to bridge the gap between them by extracting necessary models for planning from existing industrial solutions. In the mean time, Web Services (WS) may have multiple outcomes and we need to learn those possible outcomes. So in this paper, we addres...

Although products of pyrolysis are often cytotoxic and mutagenic, the relationship between the type of material pyrolysed and the toxicity of the resulting pyrolysis products is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of several types of common pyrolysis products. The cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of these products were assess...

OBJECTIVE To study the relative importance of different tools a GP can use during the diagnostic process towards cancer detection. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study with prospective registration of cancer in general practice. SETTING AND SUBJECTS One hundred and fifty-seven Norwegian general practitioners (GPs) reported 261 cancer patients. METHOD During 10 consecutive days, GPs registere...

Estimation of wind speed at proposed hub heights is typically achieved using a wind shear exponent or wind shear coefficient (WSC), variation in wind speed as a function of height. The WSC is subject to temporal variation at low and high frequencies, ranging from diurnal and seasonal variations to disturbance caused by weather patterns; however, in many cases, it is assumed that the WSC remains...