We have investigated the energetics of DNA condensation by multivalent polyamine cations. Solution small angle x-ray scattering was used to monitor interactions between short 25 base pair dsDNA strands in the free supernatant DNA phase that coexists with the condensed DNA phase. Interestingly, when tetravalent spermine is used, significant inter-DNA repulsion is observed in the free phase, in c...

MOTIVATION Bisulfite sequencing (BS-seq) has emerged as the gold standard to study genome-wide DNA methylation at single-nucleotide resolution. Quality control (QC) is a critical step in the analysis pipeline to ensure that BS-seq data are of high quality and suitable for subsequent analysis. Although several QC tools are available for next-generation sequencing data, most of them were not desi...

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and neutrality are assumptions shared by all measures of genetic distance and structure computed in the present report. In order to evaluate the impact of ignoring departures from these theoretical models, we calculated Reynolds’ distance, FST, Nei’s D and ancestry coefficients using two sets of markers: all 127 markers passing quality control ( ) and a reduced panel ...

introduction: the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect(s) of three canal lubricants i.e. sodium hypochlorite, rc-prep as the paste form of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) and aqueous edta, on the occurrence/incidence of fracture, deformity and metal slivering of protaper rotary instruments. methods: a total of 120 mesial canals ( i.e. mesiobuccal and mesiolingual) of fir...

Cryo-electron tomography provides a snapshot of the cellular proteome. With template matching, the spatial positions of various macromolecular complexes within their native cellular context can be detected. However, the growing awareness of the reference bias introduced by the cross-correlation based approaches, and more importantly the lack of a reliable confidence measurement in the selection...

X-ray crystallography unequivocally showed that protection of the free hydroxyl group of 3,5-O-benzyl-idene-d-lyxono-1,4-lactone with diphenyl-diazo-methane proceeded with retention of configuration to give the title compound, C(25)H(22)O(5). The crystal structure consists of layers of inter-locked mol-ecules lying parallel to the a axis.