conclusions results of this study could be used to find suitable targets for inverse metabolic engineering and site-directed mutagenesis to achieve stable and high-level extracellular lipase production in y. lipolytica and other yeasts. results two nucleotide substitutions were found in the extracellular lipase lip2 orfs of y. lipolytica u6 mutant strain compared to the wild-type strain. in thi...

background : salmonella actively stimulates its own uptake into the epithelial cells by inducing cytoskeleton rearrangements and membrane ruffling triggered by some proteins secreted by salmonella into the cytosol of the epithelial cells via a type iii secretion system (ttss) encoded by genes of the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1). hila is a transcriptional activator encoded on salmon...

reproductive parameters and ovipositional preference of plutella xylostella were assessed on some mutant genotypes of canola (rgs 8-1, rgs 10-2, rgs 8-13, zar 9-9 and talaye 8-3) and their cultivars (rgs, zar, talaye) under greenhouse condition (21 ± 6 °c, 65 ± 10 rh and a photoperiod of 16l: 8d h). comparison of the reproductive parameters on rgs and its mutant genotypes revealed that mutant g...

background: cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) has been extensively considered as an immunogenic and adjuvant protein, but its yield of expression is not satisfactory in many studies. the aim of this study was to compare the expression of native and mutant recombinant ctb (rctb) in pqe vector. methods: ctxb fragment from vibrio cholerae o1 atcc14035 containing the substitution of mutant ctxb for ami...

conclusions although the patients carrying m204i mutation were more likely to show lack of responses to lam therapy, lam replacing by other nucleoside/tide analogs plus hbig maybe still effective in decreasing hepatitis b recurrence after liver transplantation. however, it is suggested that drug resistance test should be considered by clinicians during therapeutic management to avoid the follow...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major causes of liver disease worldwide. It is important to conduct antiviral therapy against chronic hepatitis B to minimize the amount of liver damage. Lamivudine has been known to be an effective antiviral agent for the treatment of HBV infection. However, the emergence of viral mutants resistant to lamivudine is the main concern during the treatment of ...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is the frequent complication after cytotoxic chemotherapy in HBsAg-positive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients. Pre-chemotherapy viral load may be a risk factor and HBeAg-positive status is associated with increased viral load. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term treatment outcome of lamivudine in preventing HBV reactivation and its ass...