Saudi Arabia (SA) is categorised as one of the nations with highest food waste globally. However, this rate encompasses a high risk to economy, society and environment. The government has prioritised security environmental sustainability in its Vision 2030; hence, developed some initiatives for reduction. these efforts have not achieved desired outcomes, there no evidence that was reduced after...

Background: In 2012, Epstein et al. documented that educating spinal surgeons reduced the cost of operative waste (explanted devices: placed but removed prior to closure) occurring during anterior cervical diskectomy/fusion from 20% to 5.8%.[5] This prompted the development of a two-pronged spine surgeoneducation program (2012-2014) aimed at decreasing operative costs for waste, and reducing th...

Microorganisms hold vast potential to address the growing demand for sustainable fuel, feed and other bioproducts . In Hawaii, over 85% of all goods (including food petroleum) are imported, making need renewable products more pressing. The zero-waste model aims use agricultural waste from including those unmarketable due post-harvest damage or pests, as carbon substrate growth heterotrophic mic...

EU and UK Government targets for minimising and recycling household waste has led the responsible authorities to research the alternatives to landfill. In the work reported here the local waste collection authority (Charnwood Borough Council) has adopted the aspirational strategy of becoming a “Zero Waste Borough” to lead the drive for public participation. The work concludes that the separate ...