a f(x) dx (which one would use for instance to compute the work required to move a particle from a to b). For simplicity we shall restrict attention here to functions f : R → R which are continuous on the entire real line (and similarly, when we come to differential forms, we shall only discuss forms which are continuous on the entire domain). We shall also informally use terminology such as “i...

PURPOSE To investigate the leukemia risk in a group of benzene exposed workers. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort mortality study on 311 men who worked between January 1, 1951 and December 31, 1968 in a Caprolactam plant in the Netherlands. In the production of Caprolactam (the Nylon 6 monomer) pure benzene is used as an extracting agent and the workers at this plant have been expos...

The individual and interactive effects of three independent variables i.e. carbon source (glucose), nitrogen source (sodium nitrate) and inducer (ϵ-caprolactam) on nitrilase production from Fusarium proliferatum were investigated using design of experiments (DOE) methodology. Response surface methodology (RSM) was followed to generate the process model and to obtain the optimal conditions for m...

Polyamide-6 (PA6) submicron-sized spheres are prepared by two steps: (1) anionic ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactam in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly-(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG-b-PPG-b-PEG) and (2) separation of PA6 spheres by dissolving PEG-b-PPG-b-PEG from the prepared blends. The PA6 microspheres obtained are regular spherical, with diamete...

A new antibiotic capuramycin was isolated from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces griseus 446-S3 by adsorption and partition column chromatography. Based on its chemical structure being an uracil nucleoside with a caprolactam substituent, this substance was named as capuramycin. This paper describes the taxonomy of a producing organism, fermentation, isolation, characterization and biological...

Small amounts of cyclic monomers and oligomers are present in polyamide (PA)-based kitchen utensils. In this study, we isolated eight PA-based cyclic monomers and oligomers from kitchen utensils made from PA6 (a polymer of ε-caprolactam) and PA66 (a polymer of 1,6-diaminohexane and adipic acid). Their structures were identified using high-resolution mass spectrometry and 1H- and 13C-nuclear mag...

Regulated promoters are useful tools for many aspects related to recombinant gene expression in bacteria, including for high-level expression of heterologous proteins and for expression at physiological levels in metabolic engineering applications. In general, it is common to express the genes of interest from an inducible promoter controlled either by a positive regulator or by a repressor pro...