MPEG Spectral Band Replication (SBR) is the newest compression technology available as part of the MPEG standards. It is combined with MPEG Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) and improves coding efficiency by more than 30%. The resulting scheme is called High-Efficiency AAC (HE AAC). This presentation explains MPEG SBR and its integration into the existing MPEG-4 bitstream format. The SBR technology i...

BACKGROUND & AIMS Intestinal adaptation is a compensatory response to the massive loss of small intestine after surgical resection. We investigated the role of intestinal epithelial cell-specific mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (i-mTORC1) in intestinal adaptation after massive small bowel resection (SBR). METHODS We performed 50% proximal SBR on mice to study adaptation. To manipulate...

Several anatomical anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction techniques have been proposed to restore normal joint kinematics. However, the relative superiorities of these techniques with one another and traditional single-bundle reconstructions are unclear. Kinematic responses of five previously reported reconstruction techniques (single-bundle reconstruction using a bone-patellar tendon...

A character is a result of the cooperative action of all genes, although some genes alone, and in case of “factor interaction,” more than one gene, are chiefly concerned in the development of a particular character. Interacting genes, as well as modifiers, may be specific in their effect, since they can act only in the presence of a particular genetical environment (BRIDGES 1919), and non-speci...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that transcutaneous bilirubinometry (TcB) may provide a useful method for screening for significant jaundice, thereby reducing unnecessary blood tests. These studies have not allowed an estimation of the magnitude of such a benefit. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the accuracy of TcB as a method of determining the need for serum bilirubin (SBR) measurements i...

Soybean rust (SBR), caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, has been reported in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars and elite lines that were infected under controlled and natural field conditions in South Africa, the United States, Argentina, and Brazil. Although SBR is currently not a top priority problem for the common bean crop, many bean breeders are concerned about this dis...

OBJECTIVE Cytonuclear gradings in the breast carcinoma raise the level of FNA reportage and improves patient management. Our aim was to evaluate and compare two cytological grading methods (Robinson's and Mouriquand's) in breast carcinoma and correlate it with Nottingham modification of Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (SBR) histological grading. MATERIALS AND METHODS 30 cytologically proven cases of ...

A Salmonella vector vaccine expressing the saliva-binding region (SBR) of the adhesin AgI/II of Streptococcus mutans has been shown to induce a mixed Th1/Th2 anti-SBR immune response in mice and to require Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4, and MyD88 signaling for the induction of mucosal anti-SBR antibody responses. Since dendritic cells (DC) are critical in innate and adaptive immunity, the p...

introduction: sequential batch reactor (sbr) is one of the modified biological treatment systems which is able to remove bod5, nitrogen, and phosphorus from wastewater. the object of this study is to determine the removal efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metals from municipal wastewater by the advanced sbr system. methods: this descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was c...

In Alzheimer disease (AD), neuroinflammation is an important process related to the deposition of beta-amyloid plaques and the activation of microglia. The inflammatory process can occur in both the gray matter and the white matter. We evaluated glucose metabolism of the white matter in AD patients and compared the value with cognitive parameters of the patients.Eighteen AD patients and 18 heal...