The System L transporter facilitates cellular import of large neutral amino acids (AAs) such as Leu, a potent activator of the intracellular target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway, which signals for cell growth. System L is an AA exchanger, proposed to accumulate certain AAs by coupling to dissipation of concentration gradient(s) of exchange substrates generated by secondary active AA transporters s...

During sympathetic neurotransmitter release, there is evidence for differential modulation of cotransmitter release by endothelin (ET)-1. Using nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated PC12 cells, the effects of ET-1 on K(+)-stimulated release of ATP, dopamine (DA), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) were quantified using high-pressure liquid chromatography or radioimmunoassay. ET-1, in a concentration-d...

BACKGROUND Glutamine and proline are metabolized the liver and may collaborate on its regeneration. Parenteral nutrition (PN) containing either glutamine or proline was given to partially hepatectomized rats. The total RNA content and growth factor gene expression in hepatic remnants was measured, to determine the effects of these amino acid supplementation on the expression of growth factors d...

Fig.2: Hydrophilic spectra of glioma tissue (0.8 – 4.6 ppm). Top: tumor margin; Bottom: tumor core (Ala=Alanin, Cr=creatine, GPCho=glycerophosphocholine, Gln=glutamine, Glu=glutamate, Gly=glycine, Ile=isoleucine, Ino= Inositol, Lac=lactate, Leu=leucine, NAc=N-acetyl, PCho=phosphocholine, PCr=phosphocreatine, Succ=succinate, Tau=taurine, Val=valine) Lactate 3 Cr(CH3)/GABA 4 CLASSIFICATION ON EX-...

Approximately 2.4 kbp of mitochondrial DNA was sequenced from 9 individuals of Uromastyx ornata philbyi originating from Taif, Namas, Al-Baha, and Jazan in southwestern Saudi Arabia. The sequenced regions cover eight tRNA genes (tRNA(Gln), tRNA(Ile), tRNA(Met), tRNA(Trp), tRNA(Ala), tRNA(Asn), tRNA(Cys), and tRNA(Tyr)) and two protein-coding genes (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 and cytochrome b)...

A 21-kD protein isolated earlier from potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) has two isoforms, with pI 6.3 and 5.2, which were separated by fast protein ion-exchange chromatography on a Mono Q column. The primary structures of the two forms consisted of 187 and 186 amino acid residues. Both isoforms are composed of two polypeptide chains, designated A and B, linked by a single disulfide bond betw...

The type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1) mediates Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to initiate skeletal muscle contraction and is associated with muscle diseases, malignant hyperthermia, and central core disease. To better understand RyR1 channel function, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of channel gating and ion permeation. An adequate model of channel gating requires accurate...

Apolipoprotein-serine (apoLP-Ser or apoC-I) is one of the apoprotein constituents of human plasma very low density lipoprotein. The protein has 57 amino acid residues, including one residue of methionine and is lacking histidine, cysteine, cystine, and tyrosine. The NH2 terminus of apoLP-Ser is threonine and the COOH terminus is serine. Cleavage of apoLP-Ser with cyanogen bromide, followed by c...

The action of phosphorylase kinase on synthetic peptides is reported. These peptides are variants of the amino acid sequence. Ser-Asp-Gln-Glu-Lys-Arg-Lys-Gln-Ile-Ser-Val-Arg-Gly-Leu, found in the natural substrate, phosphorylase b. The effects of size, the cluster of basic groups at the NH2-terminal side, the phosphorylatable seryl residue, the hydrophobic groups surrounding serine, and the arg...

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute respiratory disease caused by infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV). The complete genome sequences of five attenuated ILTV vaccine strains and six virulent ILTV strains as well as two Australian ILTV field strains have been published in Australia and the USA so far. To provide the complete genome sequence information of ILTVs from different geo...