Spectral mixture analysis was used to estimate the contribution of woody elements tree level reflectance from airborne hyperspectral data in boreal forest stands Finland. Knowledge or is important context lea area index (LAI) estimation and, e.g., defoliation due insect outbreaks, remote sensing data. Field measurements four Scots pine ( L.), five Norway spruce (L.) Karst.) and birch Roth...

Foliar fungi of silver birch (Betula pendula) in an experimental Finnish forest were investigated across a gradient of tree species richness using molecular high-throughput sequencing and visual macroscopic assessment. We hypothesized that the molecular approach detects more fungal taxa than visual assessment, and that there is a relationship among the most common fungal taxa detected by both t...

Factors associated with soil acidity are considered to be limiting for plants in many parts of the world. This work was undertaken to investigate the role of the toxicity of hydrogen (H(+)) which seems to have been underconsidered by ecologists as an explanation of the reduced plant growth observed in very acid soils. Racial differences are reported in plant growth response to increasing acidit...