Sputtering yields of molybdenum (Mo) are computed for deuterium, oxygen and carbon as impurity ions from the residual gas vacuum system, well Mo Cs using Yamamura formula. The incident ion energy ranges 10 keV to 1 MeV, back-streaming beam extraction voltage up ITER full acceleration potential. sputtering yield against reached ten atoms per was largest among investigated species. effect due ret...

The n-back task is a frequently used measure of working memory (WM) in cognitive neuroscience research contexts, and it has become widely adopted in other areas over the last decade. This study aimed to obtain normative data for the n-back task from a large sample of children and adolescents. To this end, a computerized verbal n-back task with three levels of WM load (1-back, 2-back, and 3-back...

According to theoretical accounts, both, N-back and complex span tasks mainly require working memory (WM) processing. In contrast, simple span tasks conceptually mainly require WM storage. Thus, conceptually, an N-back task and a complex span task share more commonalities as compared to a simple span task. In the current study, we compared an N-back task, a complex operation span task (Ospan), ...

We present a computational model performing the n-back task. This task requires a number of cognitive processes including rapid binding, updating, and retrieval of items in working memory. The model is implemented in spiking leakyintegrate-and-fire neurons with physiologically constrained parameters, and anatomically constrained organization. The methods of the Semantic Pointer Architecture (SP...

BACKGROUND Neuropsychological instruments to assess cognitive trajectories during childhood in epidemiological studies are needed. This would improve neurodevelopment characterization in order to identify its potential determinants. We aimed to study whether repeated measures of n-back, a working memory task, detect developmental trajectories in schoolchildren during a 1-year follow-up. METHO...

Despite its frequent use, much is unknown about how the nback task is performed and how it relates to working memory. We conducted a detailed analysis of the accuracy and reaction time data from a 4-back version of the task and compared the results with previous results from an adaptive training version of the task. The experiment was also designed to test the novel predictions of a computation...

Working memory (WM) is the ability to maintain and manipulate task-relevant information in the absence of sensory input. While its improvement through training is of great interest, the degree to which WM training transfers to untrained WM tasks (near transfer) and other untrained cognitive skills (far transfer) remains debated and the mechanism(s) underlying transfer are unclear. Here we hypot...