Disulfiram (DSF) is a marketed drug to treat patients with alcohol dependence by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase. Over the last few decades, DSF has been shown have anticancer effects through different mechanisms. Moreover, this effect can be elevated when used copper (Cu). Subsequent studies conducted on various cancers, but lymphoma. This study investigated of lymphoma and how changed treat...

Introduction of the CBA/N X-linked gene into C3H mice has resulted in the establishment of a new strain of mice that has profound immunologic defects. B cells from these mice show significantly impaired in vitro immune responses to the T cell-independent type 1 antigen trinitrophenyl-Brucella abortus (TNP-BA) as well as markedly reduced proliferative responses to a number of B cell mitogens whe...

Growth hormone (GH) has been known to enhance immune responses, whether directly or through the insulin like growth factor-1, induced by GH. Recently a nonpeptidyl small m.w. compound, a GH secretagogue (GHS), was found to induce the production of GH by the pituitary gland. In this study, we examined the effect of GHS in immunological functions of 5- to 6-wk-old and 16- to 24-month-old mice. In...

Phospholipase D2 (PLD2) generates phosphatidic acid through hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine. PLD2 has been shown to play a role in enhancing tumorigenesis. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) can both activate and interact with PLD2. Murine lymphoma EL4 cells lacking endogenous PLD2 present a unique model to elucidate the role of PLD2 in signal transduction. In the current study, we i...

Clinical studies have shown a large interindividual variability in rituximab exposure and its significant influence on clinical response in patients receiving similar doses of antibody. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of tumor burden on dose-concentration-response relationships of rituximab. Murine lymphoma cells (EL4, 8 x 10(3)), transduced with human CD20 cDNA and transfec...

In this report we describe, on the basis of direct IL-1 binding assays and IL-1 internalization studies, the existence of two classes of IL-1-R on a variety of T cell types. Cells of the EL4-6.1 thymoma express large numbers (approximately 20,000 per cell) of IL-1-R that have a Kd of approximately 300 pM for IL-1. Even though these receptors make up 98-99% of the total IL-1-R per cell, they app...

Self-antigens, when expressed on neoplastic cells, have been shown to exhibit a certain antigenicity. We attempted to apply this antigenicity to enhance antitumor immune responses. Cells from the syngeneic, CD4+, CD8-, helper T-lymphocyte clone TE2 were adoptively transferred to C57BL/6 mice. TE2 lymphocytes recognize a self-antigen on splenocytes that is expressed aberrantly on the neoplastic ...

Since evidence indicates that phorbol ester-induced production of interleukin 2 requires transcription, we investigated the possibility that the phorbol ester receptor acts directly in the nuclei of EL4 thymoma cells. Using a procedure that minimized plasma membrane contamination (as measured by 5'-nucleotidase activity) and maintained the integrity of the double nuclear membrane, we were unabl...

The cytokine interleukin-1 plays an important role in the induction of IL-2 secretion and IL-2 receptor expression. The events that follow binding of IL-1 to its receptor are not known. We found that in a purified T cell population (comprising the Lyt2- and L3T4- T cells) IL-1 in the absence of antigen or mitogen induced strong proliferation and de novo expression of IL-2R light chain mRNA. Thi...

Literature data show that refractory-lithophile elements in most chondrite groups are unfractionated relative to CI chondrites; the principal exception is the EL-chondrite group whose observed falls (all of which are type 6) are depleted in Ca and light REE. In contrast, literature data and our new INAA data on EL3 PCA 91020, EL3 MAC 88136 and EL4 Grein 002 show that some replicates of these sa...