Experience using constraint programming to solve real-life problems has shown that nding an eecient solution to the problem often requires experimentation with diierent constraint solvers or even building a problem-speciic constraint solver. HAL is a new constraint logic programming language expressly designed to facilitate this process. It provides a well-deened solver interface, mutable globa...

ION LAYER FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF EXTENSIONS IN PROGRAMMABLE NETWORKS Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)

While playing against Deep Blue, Kasparov reported feeling an ’alien intelligence’ across the board: something that was undoubtedly thinking, but not in the way that any human thinker would. Kasparov feels he is defending the honor of the human race. If cloning a single sheep can put the leaders of the Western world into such a tizzy, one wonders how will they react to the prospect of inhuman m...

Study Design Longitudinal prospective study. Objectives Whether 1-year HAL-BWSTT of chronic spinal cord injured patients can improve independent ambulated mobility further as a function of training frequency, after an initial 3-month training period. Methods Eight patients with chronic SCI were enrolled. They initially received full standard physical therapy and neurorehabilitation in the a...

Hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy (HAL-N) and nephroureterectomy (HAL-NU) were introduced to bridge the gap between open and laparoscopic surgery. This newer technique has the benefits of both laparoscopic and open surgical approaches but has a shorter learning curve and decreased operative time compared to laparoscopic surgery. A review of our 2-year experience showed that for the sevente...

The knee range of motion is an important outcome of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). According to previous studies, the knee range of motion temporarily decreases for approximately 1 month after TKA due to postoperative pain and quadriceps dysfunction following surgical invasion into the knee extensor mechanism. We describe our experience with a knee-extension training program based on a single-j...

The dopamine agonist apomorphine (apo) elicits stereotyped pecking bouts in pigeons, a response which increases with successive apo injections. The present study sought, first, to confirm the hypothesis that this sensitization arises through a Pavlovian conditioning driven by both external and internal cues; and, secondly, to advance the hypothesis that during this learning the dopaminergic act...