DNA renaturation experiments gave evidence to conclude that Rhizopus arrhizus, R. OIyzae, R. delemar, Amylomyces rou.xii, R. delemar var. minimus, R. delemar var. multiplicisporus, R. arrhizus var. delemar, R. chungkuoensis var. isqfermentarius, and R. javanicus var. kawasakiensis can be accommodated in three taxa, namely, R. arrhizus var. arrhizus, R. arrhizus var. rozedi, and R. arrhizus var....

Plants of Juniperus communis L. var. communis, J. c. var. depressa Pursh, J. c. var. hemispherica J. & C. Presl, J. communis var. megistocarpa Fern. & St. John, J. c. var. nipponica (Maxim.) Wils., J. c. var. oblonga hort. ex Loudon and J. c. var. saxatilis Pall. were sampled and DNA fingerprinting (RAPDs, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs) was performed. Based on 191 RAPD bands, there was litt...

The objective of this chapter is to analyze empirically the potential dynamics of the relationship among the size of the shadow economy, fiscal burden and the official economy. The empirical analysis is based on the size estimates of the shadow economy in 17 developed and 11 transition economies of Europe for the period 1999-2013 and in 16 economies of Middle East and North Africa for the perio...

E ciency is considered a key factor when evaluating a bank's performance. Moreover, e ciency enhancement is an explicit policy objective in the Single Market Directive of the European Commission. But e ciency improvements may come at the expense of deteriorating bank pro ts and excessive risk-taking. Both the quantitative e ects and dynamic reactions of performance in response to e ciency impro...