Acetylcholine (ACh), an ubiquitous mediator substance broadly expressed in nature, acts as neurotransmitter in cholinergic synapses, generating specific communications with different time-courses. (1) Ultrafast transmission. Vertebrate neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) and nerve-electroplaque junctions (NEJs) are the fastest cholinergic synapses; able to transmit brief impulses (1-4 ms) at high fr...

Aging is the most important risk factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading causes of death worldwide and the second major cause of death in Taiwan. The major factor in heart failure during aging is heart remodeling, including long-term stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Exercise is good for aging heart health, but the impact of exercise training on aging is not ...

Proton-decoupled natural abundance 13C NMR spectra of carbon monoxide hemoglobins were recorded at 15.18 MHz by the Fourier transform method, under conditions of spectrometer sensitivity sufficient for detection of individual carbon resonances. The aromatic region of each spectrum contains broad bands of methine carbon resonances, and some relatively narrow peaks arising from nonprotonated carb...

Small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infections are widespread in Poland and circulation of subtypes A1, A12, A13, B1 and B2 was detected. The present work aimed at extending previous study based on the analysis of a larger number of animals from single-species flocks. Animals were selected for genetic analysis based on serological reactivity towards a range of recombinant antigens derived from Gag...

Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is a major cool-season turfgrass requiring frequent mowing. Utilization of cultivars with slow growth is a promising method to decrease mowing frequency. In this study, two dwarf mutant selections of Kentucky bluegrass (A12 and A16) induced by space mutation were analyzed for the differentially expressed genes compared with the wild type (WT) by the high-th...

The finding of conjoined teeth has long been recognized: with widespread disagreement over the most appropriate descriptive term for this anomaly. Recently, Yuen et a12 contended that when the etiology was not established, the term “double tooth was more appropriate than terms such as fusion and gemination. The anomaly has been reported to occur more frequently in the primary than in the perman...

Bacillus sphaericus JG-A12 is a natural isolate recovered from a uranium mining waste pile near the town of Johanngeorgenstadt in Saxony, Germany. The cells of this strain are enveloped by a highly ordered crystalline proteinaceous surface layer (S-layer) possessing an ability to bind uranium and other heavy metals. Purified and recrystallized S-layer proteins were shown to be phosphorylated by...

BACKGROUND Rational strategies utilizing anticancer efficacy and biological principles are needed for the prioritization of specific combination targeted therapy approaches for clinical development, from among the many with experimental support. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antibodies targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (cetuximab), insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-IR) (IMC-A...

MALTE C. EBACH, ANTHONY C. GILL, ALAN KWAN, SHANE T. AHYONG, DANIEL J. MURPHY, & GERASIMOS CASSIS 1 School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia 2 Australian Museum, 6 College Street Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia 3 Macleay Museum and School of Biological Sciences, A12 – Macleay Building, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, A...