DIR1 is a lipid transfer protein (LTP) postulated to complex with and/or chaperone a signal(s) to distant leaves during Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) in Arabidopsis. DIR1 was detected in phloem sap-enriched petiole exudates collected from wild-type leaves induced for SAR, suggesting that DIR1 gains access to the phloem for movement from the induced leaf. Occasionally the defective in induc...

SAR mosaics are often not precisely geo-referenced because topographic distortions were not removed during the mosaicking process due to the lack of adequate digital elevation models (DEMs). The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) has recently provided high-resolution DEM data with nearly global coverage, and makes it possible to geo-rectify SAR mosaics. Though techniques are available for ...

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) signal processing poses a significant challenge due to its very large computation and data storage requirements. This paper presents the computational requirements of a typical high resolution satellite SAR data processing scenario. A classification of approaches to partitioning the SAR problem for parallel processing is given. The suitabilityof Networks of Workst...

New synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors on satellites like TerrsSAR-X allow flexible mapping with a large coverage or a high resolution of about one meter. Leading-edge airborne SAR sensors provide spatial resolutions on the order of a decimetre. In such data, many features of urban objects can be identified, which were beyond the scope of radar remote sensing before. But, SAR images are oft...

It is necessary to calibrate SAR data in order to use the data for science applications. When both polarimetric and interferometric data are collected simultaneously, these SAR data can be used for cross-calibration and verification. The frequency of polarimetric and interferometric data does not have to be the same for this purpose. For example, the NASA/JPL AIRSAR system can acquire C-band in...

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data are affected by speckle noise, originated by the SAR system’s coherent nature. The problem of speckle noise in one-dimensional (1-D) data is already solved, as speckle has a multiplicative characteristic. SAR polarimetry represents an extension to multidimensional data by the use of polarization wave diversity. As a consequence of the existence of a correlati...

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a plant defense response in which an initial localized infection affords enhanced pathogen resistance to distant, uninfected leaves. SAR requires efficient long-distance signaling between the infected leaf, where SAR signals are generated, and the distant uninfected leaves that receive them. A growing body of evidence indicates that the lipid transfer prote...

Recognition of occluded objects in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is a signi0cant problem for automatic target recognition. Stochastic models provide some attractive features for pattern matching and recognition under partial occlusion and noise. In this paper, we present a hidden Markov modeling based approach for recognizing objects in SAR images. We identify the peculiar characteristi...

This investigation was undertaken to ascertain the effect of simulated acid rain (SAR) on growth, yield and physiological parameters of tomato. SAR exposure (pH 3.0 and 4.0) caused white-to-tan spots on the abaxial and adaxial surface of tomato leaves. SAR exposure at pH 3.0 and 4.0 significantly suppressed pigment synthesis, shoot and root dry weights and yield of tomato. The effects were more...

In recent years a new generation of high-resolution SAR satellites became operational like the Canadian Radarsat-2, the Italian Cosmo/Skymed, and the German TerraSAR-X systems. The spatial resolution of such devices achieves the meter domain or even below. Key products derived from remote sensing imagery are Digital Elevation Models (DEM). Based on SAR data various techniques can be applied for...