BACKGROUND Electrodiagnostically, localization of ulnar nerve lesions, which commonly occurs at the elbow, is sometimes problematic. Measurement of motor ulnar nerve conduction velocity (NCV) at the elbow is amongst the most popular techniques to diagnose ulnar neuropathy. In this method, recording from the first dorsal interosseous muscle (FDI) is suggested to be more sensitive than the abduct...

In this paper, we address the question that does FDI alone affect economic growth or interaction of FDI and human capital is required to boost economic growth. We develop the model with an expanding variety of products. We estimate the model using some advanced tests utilizing data on FDI flows from developed countries. We find stronger complementary effects between FDI and human capital on the...

Many of the lessons from foreign direct investment (FDI) research on manufacturing and extractive resource industries are applicable to FDI research on the financial sector. This paper summarizes the main findings and policy themes of FDI research, with a primary focus on the implications of FDI for host countries, especially emerging market economies. I review evidence of technology transfers,...

We relate the technological and factor price determinants of inward and outward FDI to its potential productivity and labour market effects on both host and home economies. This allows us to distinguish clearly between technology sourcing and technology exploiting FDI, and to identify FDI which is linked to labour cost differentials. We then empirically examine the effects of different types of...

Empirical studies quantifying the benefits of increased foreign direct investment (FDI) have been unable to provide conclusive evidence of a positive impact on the host country’s economic performance. I show that the lack of robust evidence is not inconsistent with theory, even if the gains to FDI openness are large. Anticipated welfare gains to increased inward FDI should lead to immediate dec...

Investment is an important driver of growth in both developed and developing countries. There has been a significant increase in domestic investment in Africa over the past two decades. However, despite consistent growth and international support through overseas development assistance (ODA), most countries on the continent still see a wide gap between investment requirements and domestic resou...

It has been argued by economists that foreign direct investment (FDI) can promote economic growth in recipients countries, via the capital accumulation effect and the technology spillover effect. However due to the endogeneity of FDI, previous empirical literature on FDI has not convincingly established the causal effects from FDI to economic growth, in particular the technology spillover. This...

The main concern of this paper is to answer the question of the determinants of FDI inflows to West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). The literature on FDI recognizes not only the existence of gaps between domestic savings and investment in most developing countries but also that FDI constitutes a cure capable to bring the latest technology and management know-how into these countrie...

We highlight the difference between the service sector and the manufacturing sector in regard to the determinants for a firm to start FDI and the productivity growth it achieves. This paper analyzes two questions: (1) whether a certain level of productivity explains a Japanese firm’s choice to be a multinational firm (by starting FDI), and (2) how the productivity of such a multinational firm c...

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has become a much desired commodity by nations, regions and cities throughout the world. Indeed, governments bid for FDI because it is commonly thought to be an important engine of economic growth, job creation, and technological upgrading. The People’s Republic of China (PRC), the developing world’s largest recipient of FDI and one of the world’s fastest growing...