The paper presents a PMU prototype specifically developed for active distribution network applications. The paper describes the method developed to accurately measure the synchrophasors, its implementation into a real-time microcontroller and the relevant characterization in both steady state and transient conditions. Concerning these last points, the paper presents a test procedure suitably co...

Temperature is an important and common variable that modifies nerve conduction study parameters in practice. Here we compare the effect of cooling on the mixed palmar median to ulnar negative peak-latency difference (PMU) in electrodiagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Controls were 22 subjects (19 women, mean age 42.1 years, 44 hands). Patients were diagnosed with mild symptomatic CTS (25...

A synchrophasor system solution generally incorporates precise timing sources, Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), Phasor Data Concentrators (PDCs), communication network and phasor based applications. Even though all components may pass the laboratory tests, there is no guaranty that everything will work properly together after installation and deployment in the field. To preserve an acceptable l...

Complex power systems need better observability and visualization capabilities to handle critical situations effectively. Synchro-phasor measurements provide intra second visibility to power system dynamics and enable faster control actions. A Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) measures the voltage and current phasors (angle and magnitude) at a bus in a power system. In the literature, many methods ...

Synchrophasor measurements from Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are the primary sensors used to deploy Wide-Area Monitoring, Protection and Control (WAMPAC) systems. PMUs stream out synchrophasor measurements through the IEEE C37.118.2 protocol using TCP/IP or UDP/IP. The proposed method establishes a direct communication between two PMUs, thus eliminating the requirement of an intermediate pha...

In this paper, a novel hardware-assisted rootkit is introduced, which leverages the performance monitoring unit (PMU) of a CPU. By configuring hardware performance counters to count specific architectural events, this research effort proves it is possible to transparently trap system calls and other interrupts driven entirely by the PMU. This offers an attacker the opportunity to redirect contr...

In this paper, we study the placement of phasor measurement units (PMU) for enhancing hybrid state estimation via the traditional Gauss-Newton method, which uses measurements from both PMU devices and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. To compare the impact of PMU placements, we introduce a useful metric which accounts for three important requirements in power system stat...