Recently, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) has been successfully applied to the measurement of bacterial productivity as an alternative to tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR), which is widely used but often restricted by regulations, particularly in field settings. Here, I report improvements to existing BrdU methods to simplify procedures and increase sensitivity. The feasibility of the method was tested mea...

A number of automated techniques for point measurement of soil moisture content have been developed to an operational level over the past few decades. While each of those techniques have been individually evaluated by the thermogravimetric (oven drying and weighing) method, typically under laboratory conditions, there have been few studies which have made a direct comparison between the various...

BACKGROUND Fusion has long been used for treating chronic back pain unresponsive to nonoperative care. However, potential development of adjacent segment degeneration resulting in reoperation is a concern. Total disc replacement (TDR) has been proposed as a method for addressing back pain and preventing or reducing adjacent segment degeneration. The purpose of the study was to determine the reo...

Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) is a well-established technique for the development of microwave sensors devoted to the dielectric characterization of materials. In particular the TDR has become the standard method for measuring soil water content. Although the response of the TDR signal is strictly related to the medium moisture content, it is also affected by several others factors related to...

Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) is an electromagnetic technique for measurements of water and solute transport in soils. The relationship between the TDR-measured dielectric constant (Ka) and bulk soil electrical conductivity (cra) to water content (8W) and solute concentration is difficult to describe physically due to the complex dielectric response of wet soil. This has led to the developmen...

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In our previous work a multi-level slow intelligence system with multiple sensors, called the TDR system, was developed [1]. It consists of interacting supercomponents each with different computation cycles specified by an abstract machine model. The TDR system has three major super-components: Tian (Heaven), Di (Earth) and Ren (Human), which are the essential ingredients of a human-centric psy...

Introduction: Cervical total disc replacement (TDR) procedures are an option for treatment of cervical spinal disc degeneration. The goal of TDR replacement is to replace the painful and degenerated TDR with a new bearing unit to enable pain free motion. A young and active patient population demands a proven durable replacement bearing surface to accomplish this goal. The wear of that surface m...

HIV-1 drug resistance associated mutations can be transmitted to persons who are antiretroviral-naive, called Transmitted Drug Resistance (TDR). TDR has the potential to compromise first-line anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in HIV patients and limit the antiretroviral regimens options, which has become an important public health problem. TDR surveillance is an important strategy to monitor the em...

Kabel berperan penting pada sistem instrumentasi namun demikian rentan terhadap kerusakan akibat korosi dan kelelahan. Kerusakan kabel listrik seringkali tidak dapat terdeteksi inspeksi rutin secara visual. Salah satu jenis reaktor riset adalah koaksial. Keunggulan ini mudah bocor menghantarkan gelombang elektro-magnetik serta tahan gaya lateral lentur. Namun seiring dengan waktu maka penuaan m...