B1 cells differ in many ways from conventional B cells, most prominently in the production of natural immunoglobulin, which is vitally important for protection against pathogens. B1 cells have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune dyscrasias and malignant diseases. It has been impossible to accurately study B1 cells during health and illness because the nature of human B1 cells...

(-)-Ceralure B1 (ethyl-cis-5-iodo-trans-2-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate), a male attractant for the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), is significantly more attractive than trimedlure (tert-butyl esters of 4(5)-chloro-2-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate), the current standard male attractant used in detection programs. This article reports studies that compare the effectiv...

Leakage of plasma proteins into the alveoli inhibits pulmonary surfactant function and worsens respiratory failure. Surfactant protein B (SP-B), is essential for surfactant function, but the N-terminal domain of human SP-B (residues 1.25, SP-B1-25) can mimic the biophysical properties of full length SP-B1-78 in vitro. The authors compared the function and inhibition resistance of synthetic surf...

Introduction: B1 mapping is important in a variety of new MR applications, including the design of RF pulses in parallel transmit systems and flip angle calibration for T1 mapping. The Bloch-Siegert (BS) B1 mapping method has been recently introduced as a fast, accurate and robust technique for B1 mapping [1]. In order to compare the quality of B1 maps acquired with the BS method to other metho...

Introduction: B1 mapping has a variety of applications including the design of RF pulses in parallel transmit systems, and flip angle calibration for T1 mapping. Many existing B1 mapping methods suffer from T1 dependence, long scan time or inability to handle the large B1 inhomogeneity that occurs even across the human brain at 7T. The Bloch-Siegert B1 mapping method has been recently introduce...

where the sum is over all different solutions in nonnegative integers b1, . . . , bm of b1 + 2b2 + · · · + mbm = m, and k := b1 + · · · + bm. For example, when m = 3 this instructs us to look at all solutions in nonnegative integers of the equation b1 + 2b2 + 3b3 = 3. We can have b3 = 1, b1 = 0 = b2, in which case k = 1 and we get the term 3! 0! 0! 1! ′ ( f (t)) ( f ′′′(t) 3! ) = g′ ( f (t)) f ...

Introduction Roughly 30 peer reviewed papers have been published on B1+ mapping in the last 2 years from 2010 to 2011. This shows the vitality of a research area that has started back in the 80’s [1, 2]. The RF field behavior in biological tissue and its spatial variations was assessed very early [3]. The transmit RF field can be described by a time independent, spatially varying B1+ map times ...

We investigated the antimicrobial activity of four polymyxin B components, B1, B2, B3, and isoleucine (Ile)-B1, individually and in combination. B3 was the most active agent against all organisms tested except Acinetobacter baumannii, for which Ile-B1 was most active. One combination met the criteria for synergy, B3 plus Ile-B1. No combinations exhibited antagonism. The dominant components of p...

Fumonisin B1 is associated with various animal and human carcinomas and toxicoses, including leukoencephalomalacia, hepatocarcinoma, pulmonary edema and esophageal carcinoma. We have examined the cellular effects of fumonisin B1 in vitro using cellular model systems relevant to potential human target tissues. Although fumonisin B1 has been described as a mitogen in Swiss 3T3 cells based on stim...